Quick Guide for Floodplain Management in NJ

BID #: N/A

DUE: TBD

VALUE: TBD

100

Rating

Risk Rank

Green Risk

AI-Powered Lead Insights

Executive Summary

This document serves as a quick guide to floodplain management in New Jersey, created by the New Jersey Association for Floodplain Management (NJAFM). It outlines the importance of floodplain regulation, focusing on protecting people and property, reducing future flood losses, ensuring federal flood insurance availability, saving tax dollars, and avoiding liability. The guide details the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) and community responsibilities, including adopting and enforcing flood maps and ordinances, requiring permits for development in floodplains, and ensuring building sites are safe from flooding. The guide also covers various aspects of flood risk, including understanding riverine and coastal floodplains, flood insurance rate maps (FIRMs), base flood elevations (BFEs), and approximate flood zones. It emphasizes the need for permits for activities in Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHAs) and approvals from the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP). It includes construction guidelines such as using flood-resistant materials and elevating utilities, and proper use of fill in floodplains. The guide is current as of October 20, 2015.

Web Content

Automated discovery link found on Lebanon (City) website.

Document Text

--- Document: Quick Guide for Floodplain Management in NJ Document ---
F L O O D P L A I N  M A N A G E M E N T  I N  N E W  J E R S E Y
2 0 15
New Jersey Association for Floodplain Management (NJAFM)
P.O. Box 1326, Trenton, NJ 08607
www.njafm.org
F L O O D P L A I N  M A N A G E M E N T  I N  N E W  J E R S E Y




NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
Table of Contents
1............  About This Guide
2............  Why Do We Regulate the Floodplain?
3............  What is the National Flood Insurance Program?
4............  Community Responsibilities
5............  Flood Insurance: Property Owner’s Best Protection
6............  The NFIP’s Community Rating System (CRS)
7............  Looking for FEMA Flood Map Information?
8............  FIRMette: FEMA Flood Maps Online
9............  Understanding the Riverine Floodplain
10..........  Understanding the Floodway
11..........  Flood Insurance Rate Map (Riverine)
12..........  Use the Riverine Flood Profile to Determine Riverine BFEs
13..........  Approximate Flood Zones
14..........  Older Format Flood Insurance Rate Maps 
15..........  Understanding the Coastal Floodplain
16..........  Flood Insurance Rate Map (Coastal)
17..........  The Coastal A Zone (CAZ)
18..........  Coastal Barrier Resources System (CBRS)
19..........  Levee Certification for FEMA Flood Maps
20..........  Flood Map Revisions: LOMAs and LOMR-Fs
21..........  Flood Map Revisions: CLOMRs and LOMRs
22..........  Is Your Building Site Higher than the BFE?
23..........  Activities in SFHAs that Require Local Permits and Approvals
24..........  Comparing NFIP, UCC, and NJ DEP Requirements
25..........  State Permits May Be Required
26..........  Safer Uses of the Floodplain
27..........  Floodplain Fill Can Make Things Worse
28..........  Nature Doesn’t Read Flood Maps
29..........  Fundamentals of Flood Resistant Construction
30..........  Think Carefully Before You Seek A Floodplain Variance
31..........  New Jersey Uniform Construction Code: Flood Provisions
32..........  What is Meant by Pre-FIRM and Post-FIRM Structures?
33..........  Some Key Floodplain Development Permit Review Steps
34..........  Carefully Complete the Permit Application
35..........  Paperwork is Important – for You and Your Community
36..........  What is the Elevation Certificate and How is it Used?


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
37..........  Completing the Elevation Certificate
38..........  The Zone V Design Certificate
39..........  The Floodway “No Rise” Certification
40	��������� Freeboard: Build Higher, Reduce Damage, 
Save on Insurance
41..........  How to Elevate Your Floodplain Building (Zone A)
42..........  Compaction of Floodplain Fill (Zone A Only)
43..........  Basements Are Unsafe
44..........  How to Elevate Your Floodplain Building (Zone V & CAZ)
45..........  Coastal Structures Must Resist Wind and Water Forces
46..........  Enclosures Below the Lowest Floor (Zone A)
47..........  Crawlspace Details (Zone A)
48..........  Enclosures Below Zone V and CAZ Buildings
49..........  Utility Service and Equipment Inside Enclosures
50..........  Utility Service, Equipment, and Fuel Tanks
51..........  Pools in Flood Hazard Areas
52..........  Manufactured Homes Require Special Attention
53..........  Accessory Structures
54..........  Recreational Vehicles
55..........  Planning to Improve Your Floodplain Building?
56..........  Non-Substantial Improvements
57..........  Substantial Improvement: Renovation Only
58..........  Substantial Improvement: Lateral Addition Only
59..........  Substantial Improvement: Addition Plus Other Work
60..........  Elevating an Existing Structure
61..........  What About After Damage?
62..........  Paying for Post-Flood Compliance
63..........  Some Flood Protection for Older Homes is Easy and Low Cost
64..........  Small Berms and Floodwalls Can Protect Older Buildings 
65..........  Some Flood Mitigation Projects are More Costly
66..........  Be Prepared for Flood Emergencies
67..........  Turn Around Don’t Drown®
68..........  Useful Resources and Common Acronyms
69..........  Want to Learn More?
Table of Contents (continued)


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
1
This Quick Guide will help you understand why and how communities 
in the State of New Jersey manage development in floodplains to protect 
people and property. Floodprone communities adopt ordinances and 
enforce building codes that detail the rules and requirements. In case of 
conflict, those codes and ordinances, not the guidance provided in this 
publication, must be followed. If you have questions talk with a local 
planning or permit official. 
This Quick Guide was developed and funded by the New Jersey Association for 
Floodplain Management (NJAFM). 
Questions, comments and requests for additional information should be directed to 
NJAFM at secretary@njafm.org. 
About This Guide
About This Guide
Prepared by:
For more detail on all aspects of floodplain 
management, please refer to FEMA 480,
National Flood Insurance Program, Floodplain 
Management Requirements: A Study Guide and 
Desk Reference for Local Officials.


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
2
Why Do We Regulate the Floodplain?
Why Do We Regulate the Floodplain?
Protect people and property – Floodplain management reduces 
vulnerability to flood risk. If we know low lying land will flood from time 
to time, we should make reasonable decisions to help protect our families, 
homes, and businesses. 
Reduce future flood losses – Floodplain regulations are simply “good 
neighbor” policies designed to protect our citizens from future flood losses. 
Regulating floodplain development helps keep flooding conditions from getting 
worse. 
Make sure federal flood insurance is available – Your community 
must join the NFIP before residents and businesses can purchase flood 
insurance. Otherwise, your community may be ineligible for some types of 
federal assistance and residents may be unable to secure mortgages. 
Save tax dollars – Every time you hear about a flood, think what it means to your community’s budget. 
If we build smart, we’ll have fewer problems the next time water rises. Remember, federal disaster assistance is 
not available for all floods. Even when the President declares a disaster, your community has to pay a portion 
of repair and clean-up costs, temporary housing assistance, and could also incur evacuation expenses. 
Avoid liability and lawsuits – If we know an area is mapped as a flood hazard and, if we know people 
could be in danger and buildings could be damaged, doesn’t it make sense to take reasonable protective 
steps as we develop and redevelop?
Since 1978, Federal 
flood insurance 
policyholders in New 
Jersey have received 
over $5.6 billion in 
claim payments. Even 
though that represents 
many payments, most of 
the State's floodprone 
property owners do not 
have flood insurance.


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
3
The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) was created by Congress in 1968 to 
protect lives and property and to reduce the financial burden of providing disaster 
assistance. The NFIP is administered by the Federal Emergency Management Agency 
(FEMA). Nationwide, over 22,100 communities participate in the NFIP— more than 
550 of New Jersey’s boroughs, cities, and townships participate. 
The NFIP is based on a mutual agreement between the Federal Government and 
communities. Communities that participate agree to regulate floodplain development 
according to certain criteria and standards. The partnership involves:
n	 Flood hazard maps. FEMA produces flood maps, in partnership with water management districts, 
communities and the State, in accordance with FEMA standards. The maps are used by communities, 
insurance agents, and others.
n	 Flood insurance. Property owners and renters in participating communities are eligible to purchase 
Federal flood insurance for buildings and contents.
n	 Regulations. Communities must adopt and enforce minimum floodplain management regulations so that 
development, including buildings, is undertaken in ways that reduce exposure to flooding.
What is the National Flood Insurance Program?
To learn more about the NFIP, including your potential flood risk and the approximate cost of a flood 
insurance policy, go to FEMA’s FloodSmart website www.floodsmart.com. 


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
4
To participate in the National Flood Insurance Program, your community agrees to: 
n	 Adopt and enforce flood maps and a flood damage prevention ordinance.
n	 Require permits for development in the floodplain (see page 23).
n	 Assure that building sites are reasonably safe from flooding.
n	 Establish Base Flood Elevations (BFE) where not determined by FEMA.
n	 Require new and substantially improved homes and manufactured homes to be elevated above the BFE.
n	 Require non-residential buildings to be elevated above the BFE or dry floodproofed.
n	 Determine if damaged buildings are substantially damaged.
n	 Conduct field inspections; cite and remedy violations.
n	 Require and maintain surveyed elevation information to document compliance (see pages 34, 35, and 36).
n	 Carefully consider requests for variances.
n	 Resolve non-compliance and violations.
n	 Advise and work with FEMA and the State when updates to flood maps are needed.
n	 Maintain records for review and respond to periodic requests for reports to FEMA.
Community Responsibilities


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
5
Who needs flood insurance? Federal flood insurance is required for all buildings in mapped Special 
Flood Hazard Areas (SFHAs) shown on FEMA’s Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs) if they are financed 
by Federally-backed loans or mortgages. All homeowners, business owners, and renters in communities that 
participate in the NFIP may purchase Federal flood insurance on any building and its contents, even if outside of 
the mapped flood zone. If your home is in the mapped SFHA, you are five times more likely to be damaged by 
flood than by a major fire.
Not in a mapped floodplain? Unfortunately, it’s often after a flood that many people discover that their 
home or business property insurance does NOT cover flood damage. Approximately 25% of all flood damage 
occurs in low risk zones, commonly described as being “outside the mapped flood zone.” 
Protected by a levee or dam? Even if you live in an area protected 
by a levee or other flood control structure, there is a residual risk those 
structures will be overtopped or fail. If your community’s levee provides 
“100-year” flood protection, there is still a chance a higher flood will 
cause flooding.
What about disaster grants and loans? Federal disaster grants 
do not cover most losses and repayment of a disaster loan can cost 
many times more than the cost of a flood insurance policy.
Want to know more? Learn more at www.floodsmart.com. 
To purchase a policy, call your insurance agent. 
Flood Insurance: Property Owner’s Best Protection
Flood Insurance: Property Owner’s Best Protection


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
6
The NFIP’s CRS gives “extra credit” to communities in the form of reduced 
flood insurance premiums. Communities must apply to the CRS and commit 
to implement and certify activities that contribute to reduced flood risk. 
Examples of actions your community can take to reduce the cost of your 
insurance premiums include: 
n	 Preserve open space in the floodplain
n	 Enforce higher standards for safer development through zoning, 
stormwater, subdivision, and flood damage protection ordinances
n	 Develop hazard mitigation plans
n	 Undertake engineering studies and prepare flood maps
n	 Obtain grants to buy out or elevate houses or to floodproof businesses
n	 Maintain drainage systems
n	 Monitor flood conditions and issue warnings
n	 Inform people about flood hazards, flood insurance, and how to reduce flood damage
Property owners in more than 70 New Jersey local jurisdictions that qualify for the CRS receive 
premium discounts ranging from 5% to 25% (as of 2015). 
The NFIP’s Community Rating System (CRS)
Community officials can 
request assistance from 
CRS specialists to help with 
the application process 
and prerequisites. Check 
the online CRS Resource 
Center (see page 68).


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
7
n	 Flood Insurance Studies (FIS) are compilations of 
flood risk information.
n	 Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRM) are used to 
identify flood risk, to regulate flood hazard areas, 
and to determine where flood insurance is required. 
n	 Use your computer to visit the FEMA Flood Map 
Service Center at www.msc.fema.gov. You can view 
Flood Insurance Studies and current and historical 
flood maps online or download digital scans of maps 
(see page 8).
n	 Check your city, township, or borough web page. 
Many communities make available digital maps, 
including parcel data and flood hazard maps.
Looking for Floodplain Information?
Looking for FEMA Flood Map Information?
Need a fast answer? Visit your community’s planning, engineering, or permit office 
where paper flood maps are available for viewing by the public.


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
8
You can create, save and print a portion of 
a FIRM by making a FIRMette. A FIRMette is 
a full-scale section of a FIRM.
n	 Making a FIRMette is easy after you find 
the flood map for your property. Use the 
<Search by Address> link or <Search 
All Products> to find the community and 
panel map of interest. 
n	 Earlier versions of FIRMs are available 
for many communities, so you can 
compare the current effective flood 
hazard information with older versions.
n	 Check out the tutorial “How to Find Your 
FIRM and Make a FIRMette” 
http://www.fema.gov/media-library/
assets/documents/34930
FIRMette: FEMA Flood Maps Online
Check the “MSC How To” tab in the FEMA Map Service Center (msc.fema.gov) to learn how to find and 
read flood maps. A tutorial on how to read FIRMs is linked in “MSC Frequently Asked Questions.”


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
9
Understanding the Riverine Floodplain
Understanding the Riverine Floodplain
For riverine floodplains with identified flood elevations determined by 
detailed flood studies, the Flood Profile in the Flood Insurance Study 
shows water surface elevations for different frequency floods 
(see page 12). 
On FIRMs, the Special Flood 
Hazard Area (SFHA) is 
the area subject to inundation 
by the base flood (1% annual 
chance) and/or flood-related 
erosion hazards. Riverine SFHAs 
are shown on new format FIRMs 
as Zones A, AE, AH, AO, 
AR, and A99. Older FIRMs 
may have SFHAs labeled with 
numbered zones (A1-A30).
FIRMs may also show New 
Jersey Flood Hazard 
Areas which are delineated 
based on the 100-year flood 
plus an additional amount of 
water to account for possible 
future increases due to upland 
development and other factors. 


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
10
Understanding the Floodway
Understanding the Floodway
For any proposed floodway development, the applicant must provide evidence that “no rise” will occur or 
obtain a Conditional Letter of Map Revision (CLOMR) before a local floodplain permit can be issued 
(see page 21). You will need an experienced Professional Engineer to make sure your proposed project 
either won’t increase flooding or that any increases do not impact structures on other properties.
The Floodway is the channel of a 
river or other watercourse and the 
adjacent land areas that must be 
reserved in order to pass the base 
flood discharge without cumulatively 
increasing flood elevations. 
Computer models of the floodplain 
are used to simulate “encroachment” 
in the flood fringe to predict where 
and how much the flood elevation 
would increase if development is 
allowed. 


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
11
Cross Section location (see page 21).
Zone AE is the 1% annual chance (100-year) 
floodplain with BFEs (formerly Zones A1- A30).
The Floodway is the cross-hatched area 
(see page 10).
Base Flood Elevation (BFE) is the water 
surface elevation of the base flood rounded to 
the nearest whole foot (consult FIS profiles and 
tables for more accurate elevations).
New Jersey Flood Hazard Design Flood 
(NJFHDF)
Shaded Zone X is the 0.2% annual chance 
(500-year) floodplain (formerly Zone B). 
Unshaded Zone X is all other areas 
considered low risk (formerly Zone C).
Flood Insurance Rate Map (Riverine)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
12
Use the Riverine Flood Profile to Determine Riverine BFEs
Flood Profiles from Flood 
Insurance Study reports can 
be used to determine the BFE 
at a specific site. Profiles also 
show estimated water surface 
elevations for floods other than 
the 1% annual chance flood 
(100-year). 
On the effective flood map, 
locate your site by measuring 
the distance, along the 
profile baseline of the stream 
channel, from a known point 
such as a road or cross 
section, for example, 
 or 
.
Scale that distance on the 
Flood Profile and read up to 
the profile of interest, then 
across to determine the BFE, 
to the nearest 1/10 of a foot. 
(Answer: 123 feet). 
1
2
0.2% Annual Chance Flood
1% Annual Chance Flood
2% Annual Chance Flood
10% Annual Chance Flood
Stream Bed
Cross Section Location


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
13
FEMA uses existing information – not engineering studies – 
to draw Approximate Zone A boundaries. Information may 
have been provided by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 
other federal agencies, State and local agencies, and 
historic records. 
For assistance determining 
BFEs, contact your community’s 
planning, engineering or permit 
office. Useful guidance for local 
officials and engineers is found in 
FEMA 265, Managing Floodplain 
Development in Approximate 
Zone A Areas. 
Approximate Flood Zones
If data are not available from another source, and provided there is no evidence indicating flood depths 
have been or may be greater than two-feet deep, local officials may specify the BFE is 
two feet above the highest adjacent grade.
An Approximate 
Zone A is a special 
flood hazard area 
where BFE information 
is not provided.


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
14
Older Format Flood Insurance Rate Maps 
This older format FIRM shows flood 
zones and BFEs, but does not delineate 
the Floodway or the New Jersey Flood 
Hazard Area. Note the “ Zone A” 
area at the bottom, where BFEs are not 
identified.
This older format FIRM shows flood 
zones, BFEs, and the Floodway, but 
New Jersey's Flood Hazard Area is not 
delineated. 
For many years, FEMA has 
been engaged in a nationwide 
effort to modernize and update 
FIRMs. In partnership with the 
New Jersey Department of 
Environment Protection, FEMA 
has revised many flood maps in 
New Jersey.
Despite this effort, some New 
Jersey communities still have 
FIRMS that were produced by 
FEMA many years ago, before 
computer-based Geographic 
Information System technology 
was available.


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
15
Understanding the Coastal Floodplain
The Coastal High 
Hazard Area (Zone 
V) is the Special Flood 
Hazard Area that extends 
from offshore to the inland 
limit of a primary frontal 
dune along an open 
coast and any other area 
subject to high velocity 
wave action. The area is 
designated on the FIRM as 
Zone VE.
The term Coastal A 
Zone (CAZ) refers to the 
area within the SFHA 
landward of a Zone V 
or landward of an open 
coast without Zone V. 
The principal sources of 
flooding are astronomical 
tides or storm surges, not 
riverine flooding. During 
base flood conditions, 
CAZs may be subject to 
breaking waves between 
3 and 1.5 feet high.
Areas subject to Coastal A Zone conditions (wave heights between 
3 feet and 1.5 feet) may not be shown on FIRMs (see page 17).
Some communities may treat the CAZ area as a Zone V and require 
development to comply with the Zone V requirements.


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
16
Flood Insurance Rate Map (Coastal)
Unshaded Zone X is the area 
of minimal flood risk outside the 
0.2% annual chance (500-year) 
floodplain (formerly Zone C).
Zone AE is subject to flooding 
by the base or 1% annual 
chance (100-year) flood, and 
waves less than 3 feet high, 
(formerly Zones A1-A30). 
Shaded Zone X is the 0.2% 
annual chance (500-year) 
floodplain (formerly Zone B). 
Zone VE is where wave heights 
are expected to be 3 feet or 
more. 
Base Flood Elevation (BFE) 
is the water surface elevation 
(in feet above the vertical datum 
shown on the map). 
4
3
2
1
5
LiMWA – Limit 
of Moderate 
Wave Action


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
17
The Coastal A Zone (CAZ)
n	Post-flood evaluations and laboratory tests confirm 
that breaking waves as small as 1.5 feet high cause 
damage to walls and scour around foundations.
n	The Limit of Moderate Wave Action may be shown 
on revised FIRMs to delineate the inland extent of 
Coastal A Zone conditions inland of Zone V or 
along open coasts without Zone V.
n	If a Limit of Moderate Wave Action is delineated, 
the 2016 Uniform Construction Code requires new 
buildings and substantially improved buildings to 
comply with the requirements for Zone V.
n	Scour and erosion should be considered in CAZ if 
soils are sandy and erodible. 
n	 Federal flood insurance in CAZs is rated using Zone 
A rates (lower than Zone V rates).
LiMWA – Limit 
of Moderate 
Wave Action


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
18
Coastal Barrier Resources System (CBRS)
FIRMS show CBRS and OPA areas in undeveloped Coastal Barrier Resources System Areas (CBRS). 
In these areas, NFIP insurance is not available for new and substantially improved structures built after 
October 1, 1983 or after the date the CBRS area and OPAs were designated.
1
2
3
Otherwise 
Protected Areas 
(OPAs) 
Coastal Barrier 
Resources System 
(CBRS) Areas
CBRS and OPA Boundary
CBRS areas and OPA are normally 
located within or adjacent to 
Special Flood Hazard Areas.


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
19
Many levees are designed to protect land against flooding from the Base Flood. In order for FEMA to show those 
areas as outside of the Special Flood Hazard Area, communities and levee owners must certify that levees meet 
certain design criteria. Certification will present significant challenges during the map revision process. 
Communities that have levees should determine as soon as possible whether certification will be required. 
Pursuant to FEMA’s Procedural Memoranda 34 and 43, and as outlined in Federal regulations at 44 CFR 
Section 65.10, the documentation requirements address:
n	 Freeboard
n	 Closures 
n	 Embankment protection for erosion
n	 Embankment and foundation 
stability
n	 Settlement
n	 Interior drainage and seepage
n	 Operation and maintenance plans
n	 Other site specific criteria
Levee Certification for FEMA Flood Maps
*
	 	
	
* Freeboard is the distance between the BFE and the top of the levee; for FEMA accreditation freeboard is usually 3 feet


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
20
Letter of Map 
Amendment (LOMA) is 
an official amendment to 
an effective FIRM that may 
be issued when a property 
owner provides additional 
technical information from 
a New Jersey licensed 
Professional Land Surveyor, such as ground elevation 
relative to the BFE. Lenders may waive the flood insurance 
requirement if the LOMA removes a building site from the 
SFHA because natural ground at the site is above the BFE.
The most accurate information available is used to make flood maps, including topographic base maps and 
detailed engineering methods or methods of approximation. FEMA issues map revisions if technical data are 
submitted to support the changes. 
Letter of Map 
Revision Based on 
Fill (LOMR-F) is an 
official revision to an 
effective FIRM that may 
be issued to document 
FEMA’s determination 
that a structure or parcel 
of land has been elevated by fill above the BFE, and 
therefore is no longer in the SFHA. Lenders may waive 
the insurance requirement if the LOMR-F removes a 
building site from the SFHA.
Check www.fema.gov/letter-map-amendment-letter-map-revision-based-fill-process 
for guidance on map revisions. Access to FEMA’s web-based application for surveyors to submit eLOMAs is 
https://hazards.fema.gov/femaportal/resources/whatiseloma.htm. 
Flood Map Revisions: LOMAs and LOMR-Fs


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
21
n	 Conditional Letter of Map Revision (CLOMR) 
comments on whether a proposed project, if built as 
shown on the submitted documentation, would meet 
the standards for a map revision. Communities may 
require this evidence prior to issuing a permit, and 
the Certificate of Occupancy/Compliance should be 
withheld until receipt of the final LOMR based on 
“as-built” documentation and certification.
n	 Letter of Map Revision (LOMR) is an official 
revision to an effective FIRM that may be issued to 
change flood insurance risk zones, special flood 
hazard areas and floodway boundary delineations, 
BFEs and/or other map features. Lenders may waive 
the insurance requirement if the approved map 
revision shows buildings to be outside of the SFHA.
Flood Map Revisions Issued by FEMA
Flood Map Revisions: CLOMRs and LOMRs
Find links to learn more and download forms by searching key words “MT-EZ,” “MT-1,” and “MT-2.” 


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
22
If your land is shown on the map as “in” the SFHA, but your building site is higher than the 
Base Flood Elevation (BFE)… get a New Jersey Professional Land Surveyor to complete a FEMA Elevation 
Certificate (EC). Submit a request for a Letter of Map Amendment to FEMA along with the EC 
to verify that your structure is above the BFE (see page 20). If FEMA approves your request, lenders are 
not required to have you get a flood insurance policy, although some lenders may still require it. 
Keep the certificate and the LOMA with your deed— they will help future buyers.
Is Your Building Site Higher than the BFE?


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
23
Activities Requiring Permits Include:
n	 Construction of new buildings
n	 Additions to buildings
n	 Substantial improvements of buildings
n	 Some renovations of building interiors
n	 Repair of substantially damaged buildings
n	 Placement of manufactured (mobile) homes
n	 Subdivision of land
n	 Construction or placement of temporary buildings and 
accessory structures
n	 Construction of agricultural buildings
n	 Construction of roads, bridges, and culverts
n	 Placement of fill, grading, excavation, mining, and dredging
Activities in SFHAs that Require Local Permits and Approvals
You need floodplain development or building permits for these and ANY land-disturbing activities in SFHAs.
New Jersey DEP permits may be required, see page 25. 


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
24
Comparing NFIP, UCC, and NJ DEP Requirements
This table identifies differences between certain NFIP requirements, the UCC, and the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection requirements 
as of October 20, 2015, the date of release of the Quick Guide. Please refer to the applicable rules for a full description of program requirements.
NFIP: Enforced by Communities
Uniform Construction Code: 
Enforced by Communities
NJ DEP: Enforced by NJDEP
Base flood elevation is the elevation of the 
1% annual chance flood (100-year)
Design flood elevation (DFE) is the higher of the Base 
Flood Elevation or the elevation of:
• A greater flood if a different flood map is adopted,  
 or
• NJDEP’s Flood Hazard Area Design Flood Elevation
Flood Hazard Area Design Flood Elevation is:
• In tidal areas, the elevation of the 
  1% annual chance flood
• In non-tidal areas, elevation of the 
  1% annual chance flood plus 
  25% additional discharge
Zone A: lowest floor at or above the BFE
Zone V: bottom of the lowest horizontal 
structural member at or above the BFE
Zone A: lowest floor at or above the BFE + 1 ft or DFE, 
whichever is higher
Zone V: bottom of the lowest horizontal structural 
member at or above the BFE + 1 ft or DFE, whichever is 
higher
Lowest floor at or above the Flood Hazard 
Area Design Flood Elevation
Permits dry floodproofing of nonresidential 
buildings in Zone A only
Allows wet floodproofing only for enclosures 
below elevated buildings, detached 
garages, storage buildings, functionally 
dependent uses, and certain agricultural 
structures
Permits dry floodproofing of nonresidential buildings 
and nonresidential portions of mixed use buildings 
within the scope of the UCC building subcode
Permits wet floodproofing for enclosures below 
elevated buildings, temporary buildings, accessory 
storage buildings, small parking structures, functionally 
dependent uses, and certain agricultural structures
Permits wet floodproofing for non-residential 
buildings if elevation or dry floodproofing is 
infeasible
Does not limit flood storage displacement 
by fill; requires encroachment analysis for 
development in floodways
Requires encroachment analysis for buildings and fill in 
floodways
Limits flood storage displacement by fill in 
non-tidal areas


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
25
In addition to local permits, some projects may require approval from the New Jersey Department of 
Environmental Protection (NJDEP), depending on the scope and location of construction activities. NJDEP’s 
requirements may affect building location, setbacks, impervious cover and/or design. Learn more at 
http://www.nj.gov/dep/landuse/ and contact the NJDEP Land Use Regulation Division at (609) 777-0454.
n	 Flood Hazard Area Control Act Permit. For construction in the 1% annual chance floodplain and 
the New Jersey Flood Hazard Area. http://www.nj.gov/dep/landuse/fha_main.html
n	 Coastal Area Facility Review Act (CAFRA) Permit. For construction in the designated CAFRA 
area extending from Cheesequake Creek in Old Bridge, Middlesex County south along the Atlantic coast 
around Cape May County and then north along the Delaware Bay to Kilcohook National Wildlife Refuge 
in Salem County. http://www.nj.gov/dep/landuse/guidance.html (Coastal Permitting)
n	 Waterfront Development Law Permit. For construction in upland areas immediately adjacent 
to tidal waters outside of the CAFRA area. http://www.nj.gov/dep/landuse/guidance.html (Coastal 
Permitting)
n	 Freshwater Wetlands Protection Act Permit. For construction in jurisdictional wetlands and their 
associated transition/buffer areas. http://www.nj.gov/dep/landuse/fww/fww_main.html
n	 Coastal Wetlands Act Permit. For construction in mapped coastal wetlands. 
http://www.nj.gov/dep/landuse/guidance.html (Coastal Permitting)
State Permits May Be Required


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
26
Safer Uses of the Floodplain
Let the floodplain perform its natural function – if possible, keep it as open space. Other compatible uses: 
passive recreational areas, playgrounds, reforestation, parking, gardens, pasture, and created wetlands.
All land subdivided into lots, some lots 
partially in the floodplain, setbacks 
modified to keep homesites on
high ground.
RECOMMENDED
Floodplain land put into public/
common open space, net density 
remains, lot sizes reduced and 
setbacks modified to keep 
homesites on high ground.
RECOMMENDED
All land subdivided into lots, some 
homesites and lots partially or 
entirely in the floodplain.
NOT RECOMMENDED


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
27
Floodplain Fill Can Make Things Worse
Floodplains are supposed to store floodwater. If storage space is blocked by fill material, 
future flooding may be worsened. Floodplain fill can alter other valuable floodplain 
functions, including wildlife habitat and wetlands. Your community may apply the same 
restrictions to fill in the floodway fringe as those applied in floodways.
Make sure your floodplain fill project won’t harm your neighbors. Before deciding to use fill as 
part of your project design, check with your community’s planning, engineering, or permit office.
You may be required to demonstrate that fill will cause “no rise” (see page 39).


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
28
CAUTION! Nature doesn’t read the flood map! Major storms and flash floods can cause flooding 
that rises higher than the Base Flood Elevation (BFE). Be safer – protect your home or business 
by building higher. See page 40 to see how this will save you money on flood insurance.
Nature Doesn’t Read Flood Maps
Many people don’t 
understand just how 
risky the floodplain can 
be. There is a greater 
than 26% chance a 
non-elevated home 
in the SFHA will be 
flooded during a 
30-year mortgage 
period. The chance a 
major fire will occur 
during the same period 
is less than 5%!


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
29
In short ... something to come home to!
The flood resistant construction requirements of the NFIP, the New Jersey Uniform Construction Code (UCC), 
and the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) share the common objective of increasing 
resistance to flooding. Although there are some differences between specific requirements, they all include the 
following fundamentals – buildings should have:
n	 Foundations capable of resisting flood loads (including dry floodproofed nonresidential buildings)
n	 Structurally sound walls and roofs capable of minimizing penetration by wind, rain, and debris
n	 Lowest floors elevated high enough to prevent floodwaters from entering during the design event
n	 Equipment and utilities elevated or designed to remain intact and be restored easily
n	 Enclosures below elevated floors limited in use and designed to minimize damage
n	 Flood damage-resistant materials used below elevated lowest floors
Fundamentals of Flood Resistant Construction


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
30
Think carefully before seeking a variance to build below the Base Flood Elevation. 
Not only will your property be more likely to suffer damage, but flood insurance will be very costly.
If a community has a pattern of issuing variances, NFIP sanctions could be imposed – costing you even more!
Very specific conditions related to the property (not 
the owner’s actions or preferences) must be satisfied 
to justify variances:
n	 Good and sufficient cause
n	 Unique site conditions
n	 Non-economic hardship
n	 If in the floodway, no increase in flood level
A variance that allows construction below the BFE does 
not waive your lender’s flood insurance requirement. 
Flood insurance will be very expensive – perhaps more 
than $10,000 to $20,000 per year (see page 40)!
Think Carefully Before You Seek A Floodplain Variance


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
31
The New Jersey Department of Community Affairs, Division of Codes and 
Standards, establishes and enforces building codes in partnership with 
municipalities. The New Jersey Uniform Construction Code (UCC) is a 
family of building codes based on the International Codes® (except the NJ 
rehabilitation subcode). All communities in New Jersey are required to enforce 
the UCC. 
FEMA deems the flood provisions of the International Codes (and thus the 
UCC) to meet or exceed the NFIP requirements for buildings and structures 
and New Jersey’s amendments to the flood provisions do not alter consistency.
n	 Building Subcode: Flood provisions are primarily in Section 1612 
Flood Loads, which refers to the standard Flood Resistant Design and 
Construction (ASCE 24). 
n	 Residential Subcode: Flood provisions are primarily in Section R322 
Flood-Resistant Construction, although there are requirements in several other sections.
n	 Rehabilitation Subcode: Section 5:23-6.3A requires the local floodplain administrator to determine if 
work on existing buildings constitutes Substantial Improvement or repair of Substantial Damage, in which 
case compliance with the UCC rules for flood resistant construction is required (see page 55 through 59).
n	 Plumbing, Mechanical and Fuel Gas Subcodes: Flood provisions are in a number of sections.
Excerpts of the flood 
provisions of the UCC 
and “Highlights of ASCE 
24” are available online 
at www.njafm.org. 
NOTE! Some 
requirements changed 
since the 2009 UCC, 
including treating 
Coastal A Zones, if 
delineated, like Zone V. 
New Jersey Uniform Construction Code: Flood Provisions


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
32
What is Meant by Pre-FIRM and Post-FIRM Structures?
Pre-FIRM and Post-FIRM are insurance terms tied to a community’s initial FIRM and used to determine 
flood insurance rates. Although it is common, the terms should not be used to distinguish between new 
construction built before a community joined the NFIP and those built after, especially in communities 
where the FIRMs have been revised. 
The NJ Rehabilitation Subcode 
specifies when permits are required 
for work on existing buildings. 
NFIP requirements, enforced 
by communities, specify 
buildings must be brought 
into compliance when 
work is determined to be 
Substantial Improvement 
or repair of Substantial 
Damage (see pages 55 
through 59). 
FLOOD
OPENINGS


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
33
Some Key Floodplain Development Permit Review Steps
n	 Is the site near a watercourse?
n	 Is the site in the mapped FEMA floodplain or floodway?
n	 Are other State and federal permits obtained before work starts?
n	 Is the site reasonably safe from flooding?
n	 Does the site plan show the flood zone, Base Flood Elevation and 
building location?
n	 Is substantial improvement of an existing building proposed?
n	 Is an addition proposed?
n	 Will new buildings and utilities be elevated properly?
n	 Will manufactured homes be properly elevated and anchored?
n	 Do the plans show an appropriate and safe foundation?
n	 Will the owner/builder have to submit an as-built
Elevation Certificate?
n	 Are all required certifications included?
The permit reviewer has to check many things. Some of the key questions are:


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
34
Good information will lead to better construction 
and less exposure to future flood damage.
X
David & Sally Jones
781 Reed Street, 400-33A-002
David M. Jones
You must get all 
permits before 
you do work in a 
floodplain.
X
Single Family (2,000 cy fill); flood 
fringe of Dry River
X
 
Part of a sample Floodplain 
Permit Application 
(may vary by community)
060243
125c
AE
59.2
60.2
N/A
60.2
Carefully Complete the Permit Application


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
35
Lowest Floor means the lowest floor of the lowest enclosed area 
(including basement). An unfinished or flood-resistant enclosure (that is not 
a basement) is not the lowest floor if the enclosure is built as required in the 
local ordinance which includes limited uses (see pages 46, 47, and 49). 
If you get a permit to build in a flood hazard area, a FEMA Elevation Certificate 
or similar documentation will be required as soon as your lowest floor is set. An “as-built” survey 
and Elevation Certificate will be required when construction is completed. 
This form is important! It proves you built correctly.
It can be used to obtain the correct flood insurance rating.
Paperwork is Important – for You and Your Community


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
36
By itself, the EC cannot be used to waive the requirement to obtain 
flood insurance. See page 20 to learn about FEMA’s 
Letter of Map Amendment process.
n	 The Elevation Certificate (EC) is a FEMA form. Go to 
www.fema.gov and search for “Elevation Certificate.”
n	 The EC must be completed and sealed by a Professional Land 
Surveyor. 
n	 The property owner, owner’s representative or the community official 
may complete the EC for sites in Approximate Zone A and Zone AO 
(see Section F of the EC).
n	 It can be used to show the grades of building sites are above the 
Base Flood Elevation (see page 22). 
n	 It is used to verify building and equipment elevations 
(see pages 49 and 50). 
n	 Insurance agents use the EC to write and rate flood insurance 
policies. 
What is the Elevation Certificate and How is it Used?


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
37
Completing the Elevation Certificate
In this example, the BFE is 125.0 feet.
The slab-on-grade house was elevated 
on fill 2 feet above the BFE; the 
garage is 2.5 feet below the BFE 
(with flood openings).
ELEVATION CERTIFICATE
(partial)
127 0
n/a
n/a
122 5
127 0
122 5
126 5
122 5
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
When you get your building permit you will be informed about when in the construction process you must 
submit Elevation Certificates. You must have a New Jersey Professional Licensed Surveyor fill out and seal 
the EC. The EC includes diagrams for eight building types. Several points must be surveyed.


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
38
UTILITIES ON 
PLATFORM
The Zone V Design Certificate
1
2
3
5
4
6
14
12
6
3
16
X
A New Jersey Professional Engineer or Registered Architect 
must review and/or prepare the building design and 
complete the Zone V Design Certificate for any new 
construction, substantial improvement, or the repair of 
a substantially damaged structure. 


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
39
The engineering analysis must be based on technical data obtained from FEMA. 
Reduce flood risk – don’t build in the Floodway!
n	 Floodways can be dangerous because water may flow very 
fast. 
n	 Development is not allowed unless certified that it will cause 
“no rise” (no increase) in the Base Flood Elevation. 
n	 An engineer must evaluate the hydraulic impact of proposed 
development. 
n	 A “no rise” certification must be signed, sealed, and dated by 
a Professional Engineer licensed in New Jersey. 
n	 Check with your community for guidance before you decide to 
develop in a floodway.
n	 Contact NJ DEP; State regulations may prohibit development in 
floodways.
The Floodway “No Rise” Certification


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
40
Want to save some money and have peace of mind at the same time?
Add freeboard to build higher than the minimum elevation requirement! 
Freeboard is a factor of safety, usually one to four feet above the BFE. 
NOTE! Flood insurance 
rates and various fees 
change from time to time. 
Rather than specific costs 
for insurance, these figures 
give a feel for how much 
difference just a foot or two 
can make.
Remember! When building 
a new home, be sure the 
builder checks the floor 
elevation as part of the 
foundation inspection. An 
error of just 6 to 12 inches 
could more than double 
what you pay for NFIP flood 
insurance. 
A community may be able 
to grant a variance, but 
the owner will probably be 
required to buy insurance. 
Imagine trying to sell a 
house if the bank requires 
insurance that costs more 
than $10,000 to $20,000 
a year!
Freeboard: Build Higher, Reduce Damage, Save on Insurance


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
41
CAUTION! Enclosures (including crawlspaces) have some special requirements (see pages 46 and 47). 
When the walking surface of the lowest floor is at the BFE, under-floor utilities are not allowed.
Fill used to elevate buildings must be properly placed and compacted (see page 42).
How to Elevate Your Floodplain Building (Zone A)


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
42
Earthen fill used to raise the ground above the flood elevation must be placed properly so it does not erode or 
slump when water rises. For safety and to meet floodplain requirements, floodplain fill should:
n	 Be certified clean soil, free of large rocks, construction debris, and woody material (stumps, roots)
n	 Be machine-compacted to 95 percent of the maximum density (determined by a design professional)
n	 Have graded side slopes that are not steeper than 2:1 
(one foot vertical rise for every 2 feet horizontal extent); 
3:1 flatter slopes are recommended
n	 Have slopes protected against erosion (vegetation 
for “low” velocities, durable materials for “high” 
velocities – determined by a design professional)
Your engineer can find more information in FEMA’s instructions for 
Letters of Map Revision based on Fill (FEMA Form MT-1) and NFIP Technical Bulletin #10.
Compaction of Floodplain Fill (Zone A Only)


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
43
New buildings are not allowed to have basements below the BFE and NFIP flood 
insurance coverage is very limited in existing basements for a very good reason. 
It only takes an inch of water over a door threshold or window sill and the entire 
basement fills up! Excavating a basement into fill doesn’t always make it safe 
because saturated groundwater can damage the walls.
A basement is any 
portion of a building 
that has its floor sub-
grade (below ground 
level) on all sides.
Basements Are Unsafe


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
44
In Zone V, the design specifics will be determined by an architect or engineer based on the site, 
including how the building will be elevated and how deep the foundation elements will be in the ground. 
A Zone V Design Certificate or statement will be required (see page 38). 
For more information, see FEMA P-499, Home Builder’s Guide to Coastal Construction. 
See details
on next page
How to Elevate Your Floodplain Building (Zone V & CAZ)


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
45
Coastal buildings may be exposed to hurricane winds, waves, and floodwaters. Structural building 
components must be connected together to transfer forces in a continuous load path from the roof to the 
foundation. The details above are some examples of how this is done. An architect or engineer must 
determine the types of connections required for the roof, building, and foundation.
Coastal Structures Must Resist Wind and Water Forces


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
46
NOTE:
n	 Total net area of all openings is 1 sq. inch per 
sq. foot of enclosed area (measured on the 
outside)
n	 A 30' x 40' enclosure needs 1,200 sq. inches 
of openings
n	 If inserted in flood openings, typical air 
ventilation units must be permanently disabled 
in the open position to allow water to flow in 
and out
n	 A typical air ventilation unit, with screen, 
provides 42 to 65 sq. inches of opening 
(look for “net free area” stamp on unit)
Solid perimeter wall foundations can enclose flood-prone space. A crawlspace is a good way to elevate 
just a couple of feet. In all cases, the following are required: flood openings, 
elevated utilities, flood-resistant materials, and limitations on use.
Enclosures Below the Lowest Floor (Zone A)
ALTERNATIVE: Engineered openings are 
acceptable if certified to allow adequate 
automatic inflow and outflow of 
floodwaters. 


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
47
Crawlspace Details (Zone A)
n	 The Lowest Floor Elevation must be at or 
above the required elevation. New Jersey 
recommends an additional 2 to 4 feet or 
more for greater protection.
n	 All materials below the BFE must be flood 
resistant.
n	 Flood openings must provide 1 sq. in. of 
net open area for every sq. ft. of area 
enclosed by the perimeter walls – or certified 
engineered openings may be used.
n	 A 30' x 40' building needs 1,200 sq. in. 
of net opening.
n	 The bottom of flood openings must be no 
more than 12 inches above grade.
n	 Standard air ventilation units must be 
permanently disabled in the “open” position 
to allow water to flow in and out.
n	 Interior grade must be equal to or higher 
than exterior grade on at least one side.


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
48
Enclosures Below Zone V and CAZ Buildings
Avoid building an enclosure under 
your Zone V or CAZ building. If you 
must enclose a small area:
n	 Walls must have flood openings 
and be designed to collapse or 
“breakaway”
n	 It must be unfinished and use flood 
resistant materials
n	 Utility wires and pipes must not 
go through or be attached to the 
breakaway walls
n	 It must be used used only for 
parking, building access, and 
limited storage
n	 Bathrooms, utility rooms, and 
electric service are not allowed 
below BFE
Do not modify an enclosure below an elevated Zone V building (or any 
zone for that matter)! It is a violation of your community’s regulations 
and the UCC, and you may have increased damage when it floods. 
Plus, your flood insurance policy will cost a lot more!
Enclosures larger than 299 sq. ft. may 
have higher flood insurance premiums.


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
49
WATER HEATER AND FURNACE ELEVATED ON PLATFORM
Appliances and equipment 
(including duct work) must be 
elevated to or above the BFE. 
Utilities (plumbing, electrical, gas 
lines, heating, ventilating and air 
conditioning) must be elevated or 
designed and installed to prevent 
intrusion of floodwaters into their 
components.
Utility Service and Equipment Inside Enclosures


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
50
Utility Service, Equipment, and Fuel Tanks
Whether inside an attached garage or outside a building, all utilities, appliances, and equipment 
must be elevated above the BFE or protected against flood damage. Utilities include plumbing, 
electrical components, gas lines, fuel tanks, generators, and heating and air conditioning equipment.
Fuel and propane tanks may 
cause explosion and pollution 
risks during flood conditions. 
Even shallow water can create 
large buoyant forces on tanks, 
so extra care must be taken to 
ensure all tanks are elevated 
(all flood hazard areas) and/or 
anchored to resist flood forces 
(Zone A only). 
See FEMA 348, Protecting 
Building Utilities from Flood 
Damage.
HEAT PUMP OR A/C
ON PLATFORM
FUEL OR PROPANE TANK
ANCHORED ON PLATFORM


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
51
Pools in Flood Hazard Areas
In addition to local permits, permits from NJ DEP may be required for swimming pools in flood hazard areas. 
Specific NFIP guidance depends on flood zone:
n	 Zone A: In Zone A inland of coastal bodies of water and in floodway fringes (see page 9), there are no 
special requirements for swimming pools.
n	 Zone A, floodway: In floodways, swimming pools that are above-ground or have fill surrounding them 
are subject to the “no rise” certification requirement (see page 39).
n	 Zone V: In Zone V, swimming pools must be elevated, designed to break away without producing 
damaging debris, or sited to remain in the ground during base flood conditions without obstructing flow 
that could damage adjacent structures.
n	 Coastal A Zone: Because of the presence of moderate waves, swimming pools in Coastal A Zones 
should be designed the same as pools in Zone V.
n	 All Flood Zones: Pool controls and equipment have to meet the requirements for utilities and equipment 
(see page 50).
For guidance, see ASCE 24 Chapter 9 (and commentary). Also see Coastal Construction Manual 
(FEMA P-55), Home Builder’s Guide to Coastal Construction (FEMA P-499), and 
NFIP Technical Bulletin 5 Free-of-Obstruction Requirements.


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
52
Manufactured Homes Require Special Attention
Manufactured Homes Require Special Attention
Manufactured homes must be anchored to resist flotation, collapse, and lateral movement by being 
tied down in accordance with your community’s ordinance or the manufacturer’s installation specifications 
for SFHAs. See guidance and some pre-engineered designs in FEMA P-85, 
Protecting Manufactured Homes from Floods and Other Hazards. 
Experience shows that 
manufactured homes are easily 
damaged. Just a few inches 
of water above the floor can 
cause substantial damage.


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
53
Accessory Structures
Even small buildings are “development” and permits or variances with noted conditions are required. 
They must be elevated or anchored to prevent becoming debris that damages other buildings and bridges. 
Caution! Remember, everything inside will get wet when flooding occurs.
Accessory Structure, 
is a structure located 
on the same parcel 
of land as a principal 
structure and whose use 
is incidental to the use 
of the principal structure. 
Accessory structures 
may not be used for 
human habitation and 
must be designed to 
minimize flood damage. 
Examples: detached 
garages, carports, 
storage sheds, gazebos, 
pole barns, and hay 
sheds.
In Special Flood Hazard Areas, accessory structures must: 
n	 Not be habitable
n	 Be used only for parking or storage 
(not pollutants or hazardous materials)
n	 Be anchored to resist floating
n	 Have flood openings
n	 Be built of flood-resistant 
materials
n	 Have elevated utilities
n	 Not be modified for 
different use in the future
n	 Have documented floor 
elevation


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
54
Recreational Vehicles
RVs that do not meet these conditions must be installed and elevated like manufactured homes, 
including permanent foundations and tie-downs (see page 52).
Camping near the water? 
Ask the campground or RV park operator 
about flood warnings and plans for safe evacuations.
In Special Flood Hazard Areas, RVs must:
n	 Be licensed and titled as an RV or park model 
(not as a permanent residence)
n	 Be built on a single chassis
n	 Measure 400 sq.ft. or less (measured at 
largest horizontal projection)
n	 Have inflated wheels and be self-propelled or 
towable by a light-duty truck
n	 Have no attached deck, porch or shed
n	 Be used for temporary recreational, camping, travel 
or seasonal use (no more than 180 consecutive days)
n	 Have quick-disconnect sewage, water 
and electrical connectors


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
55
Planning to Improve Your Floodplain Building?
To obtain a permit to improve a building in a floodplain:
n	 You must provide a copy of your construction contract or a cost estimate 
(including estimated market value of your own or donated labor and materials).
n	 Your community will compare the cost of the proposed work to the market value 
of your building and check the value of improvements.
n	 You may submit an independent assessment of the market value of the building, 
if performed by a licensed appraiser.
n	 If the cost of the improvement equals or exceeds 50% of the market value of 
the building, it is considered a Substantial Improvement and you must bring the 
entire building into full compliance – this may involve raising the foundation or 
other measures.
n	 If the costs do not trigger Substantial Improvement requirements, then you should 
still consider ways to reduce future damage (see page 56).
Improvements include:
n	 Renovation/
rehabilitation of 
the interior of the 
existing building 
(see page 57)
n	 Lateral addition, 
without renovation 
or structural 
alteration of the 
existing building 
(see page 58)
n	 Lateral addition, 
with renovation 
or structural 
alteration of the 
existing building 
(see page 59)
n	 Vertical addition 
(add new story)
Substantial Improvement means any reconstruction, 
rehabilitation, addition, or other improvement of a structure, 
the cost of which equals or exceeds 50% of the market value of the structure before 
the start of construction of the improvement. This term includes structures which have 
incurred substantial damage from any cause (flood, fire, earthquake, hurricanes, 
tornadoes, etc.), regardless of the actual repair work performed (see page 61). 


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
56
Non-Substantial Improvements
Your proposed improvements are “non-substantial” if the costs of all improvements are less than 50% of the 
market value of the building. Although you are not required to bring the existing building into compliance, 
elevation is the best way to reduce vulnerability. There are many other things you can do to reduce future 
flood damage. Find out the BFE at your location and consider the following:
n	 Use flood resistant materials, for example tile, closed-cell wall insulation, 
and polyvinyl wall coverings.
n	 Raise air conditioning equipment, heat pump, furnace, hot water heater, 
and other appliances on platforms.
n	 Install electrical outlets higher above the floor.
n	 Move ductwork out of crawlspaces.
n	 Retrofit crawlspaces with flood openings.
n	 Fill in below-grade crawlspaces/
utility space.
Note! Be sure to include ALL proposed work in your initial permit application. If you add more work after 
the permit is issued, your community will make another evaluation for Substantial Improvement.


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
57
Substantial Improvement: Renovation Only
Floodplain buildings can 
be improved, renovated, 
rehabilitated or altered, but 
special rules apply.
Check with your local permit 
office before you begin. It will 
be easier to do it right the first 
time.
The cost to correct previously 
cited violations of State or 
local health, sanitary, or safety 
codes to provide safe living 
conditions can be excluded 
from the cost of renovations.
Alteration of a registered 
historic structure is allowed, 
by variance, as long as it will 
continue to meet the criteria for 
listing as a historic structure. 
EXISTING BUILDING 
RENOVATED/REHABILITATED
BUILDING 
(See page 60)


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
58
Substantial Improvement: Lateral Addition Only
You must get a permit to build an addition to your floodplain building. Only the addition must be built with the 
lowest floor at or above the Base Flood Elevation provided:
n	 You make no interior modifications to the existing building; and
n	 You make no structural modifications to the existing common wall other than adding a standard 36" 
doorway.
See page 59 if your project 
to add a lateral addition 
also includes modifying 
the interior of the existing 
building or making structural 
modifications to the existing 
common wall.


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
59
Substantial Improvement: Addition Plus Other Work
Your community must prepare an 
evaluation to determine if all of 
your proposed work will trigger the 
Substantial Improvement requirement. 
Substantial Improvement is triggered if:
n	 The work involves adding a new 
top floor, modifying the interior of 
the existing building, or structural 
modifications to the existing common 
wall (for lateral addition); and
n	 The cost of all proposed work plus 
the cost of improvements equals or 
exceeds 50% of the market value of 
the existing building.
Your community’s permit office can help determine which requirements apply.
It is always a good idea to request a preliminary review 
before you get too far along with your plans.
(See page 60)


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
60
Elevating an Existing Structure
This is one way to elevate an existing building to comply with building code and floodplain regulations 
(also see FEMA P-312, Homeowner’s Guide to Retrofitting). If an NFIP insured building is damaged by 
flood and the community determines it is substantially damaged, the owner may be eligible 
for an Increased Cost of Compliance claim payment (see page 62).


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
61
What About After Damages?
What About After Damage?
A permit is required to repair a damaged floodplain building, regardless of cause — fire, flood, wind, 
or even vehicle impact. You will be asked to provide a detailed cost estimate to repair to pre-damaged 
condition. If the repair costs are 50% or more of the pre-damage market value of the building, then the 
building is substantially damaged and must be brought into compliance, which may involve raising the 
foundation or other measures. Check with your community before you begin repairs. 
See page 60 for more information about elevating an existing building above a crawlspace.
CONTRACTOR
OR DONATED
MATERIALS
AND LABOR
PERMIT


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
62
Paying for Post-Flood Compliance
Owners whose buildings are substantially damaged are required to 
“bring the building into compliance” with floodplain requirements. 
Substantial damage is a special case of substantial improvement.
USE THE ICC CLAIM TO:
ELEVATE-IN-PLACE
RELOCATE TO 
HIGH GROUND
DEMOLISH 
FLOODPROOF 
(NON-
RESIDENTIAL 
ONLY)
Owners may be eligible for up to $30,000 to help pay to bring buildings 
into compliance with building code and community requirements – if all of 
the following apply:
n	 If they have NFIP flood insurance – it includes Increased Cost of 
Compliance (ICC) coverage.
n	 If the building is in a mapped Special Flood Hazard Area.
n	 If the building’s lowest floor is below the elevation required by code.
n	 If the community has made an official determination the building was 
substantially damaged by flooding.
n	 If the owner acts quickly with the claims adjuster and community official 
to process all the required paperwork.
n	 See FEMA 301, Increased Cost of Compliance: Guidance for State and 
Local Officials.


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
63
Move fuse boxes, water heaters, furnaces, and ductwork out of crawlspaces and basements. 
Anchor heating oil and propane gas tanks to prevent flotation and lateral movement. 
Do not store valuables or hazardous materials in a flood-prone crawlspace or basement. 
Use water-resistant materials when you repair.
Some Flood Protection for Older Homes is Easy and Low Cost


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
64
Small Berms and Floodwalls Can Protect Older Buildings 
In areas where floodwaters aren’t expected to be deep, sometimes individual buildings can be protected by 
earthen berms or concrete floodwalls. Permits are required for these protection measures and extra 
care must be taken to avoid directing drainage and floodwater to adjacent properties, and if the site is in 
a floodway (see page 39). A small berm or floodwall does not eliminate elevation requirements 
and cannot be use to achieve compliance for a new or substantially improved building, 
or one that is repaired after sustaining substantial damage. 
Important! These protective measures will not reduce your flood insurance premium!


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
65
But Give You More Protection
The New Jersey Office of Emergency Management administers FEMA mitigation grant programs. 
Learn more at www.state.nj.us/njoem/programs/opb_mitigation.html. 
Communities interested in applying for grants should email NJMitigation@gw.njsp.org. 
Some Flood Mitigation Projects are More Costly
Some homes have been raised up 
on higher foundations, and others 
have been moved to safer high 
ground outside of the floodplain 
Some communities buy out and 
demolish homes that were severely 
damaged. The acquired land is 
dedicated to open space and can be 
used for recreation or to help restore 
wildlife habitat and wetlands. 


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
66
Be Prepared for Flood Emergencies
Everyone should be prepared for floods and other emergencies. You need to be prepared at home, at work, at 
school, and in your community.
Sometimes floods and other disasters can strike quickly and without warning. You may have to evacuate your 
neighborhood, workplace or school, or you may be trapped at home. Ask yourself – what would I do if basic 
services (water, gas, electricity and telephones) were interrupted, perhaps for several days? Local officials and 
emergency relief workers will be on the scene after disasters, but they cannot reach everyone right away. 
You need to be prepared to keep your family safer by preparing now:
n	 Learn about the risks in your community
n	 Make a family or workplace emergency plan
n	 Know where to go if you’re told to evacuate
n	 Put together a disaster kit with supplies to last a couple of days
To learn more about preparing for disasters, 
visit the New Jersey Office of Emergency Management at www.ready.nj.gov. 


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
67
Turn Around Don't Drown®
Learn about flood risks and follow these safety rules:
n	 When flooding is expected, stay away from creeks, streams, and rivers.
n	 NEVER drive through flooded roads – they may be washed out.
n	 Passenger cars may float in only 12-24 inches of water.
n	 Be especially cautious at night when it is harder to recognize 
dangers.
n	 Just 6 inches of fast-moving water can knock you off your feet.
n	 http://tadd.weather.gov.


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
68
Useful Resources and Common Acronyms
Useful Resources and Common Acronyms
n	 New Jersey Association for Floodplain Management: 
www.njafm.org 
n	 New Jersey’s Floodplain Management Section: 
http://www.nj.gov/dep/landuse/lu_bfm.html 
n	 Excerpts of the flood provisions of the UCC and Highlights 
of ASCE 24 :www.njafm.org
n	 NFIP regulations, Title 44 CFR: 
www.fema.gov/national-flood-insurance-program-laws-regulations 
n	 CRS Resource Center: 
www.fema.gov/national-flood-insurance-program-community-rating-
system 
n	 New Jersey Building Officials Association, Inc.: 
www.newjerseyboa.com 
 
Common Acronyms
n	 BFE = Base Flood Elevation
n	 EC = Elevation Certificate
n	 FIRM = Flood Insurance Rate 
Map
n	 ICC = Increased Cost of 
Compliance
n	 NFIP = National Flood 
Insurance Program
n	 SFHA = Special Flood 
Hazard Area (100-year 
floodplain)
n	 UCC = NJ Uniform 
Construction Code


NEW JERSEY QUICK GUIDE 
69
Want to Learn More?
n	 For information and advice on permits, call your community’s building permit office or planning department. 
n	 For information about workshops, training and conferences, contact secretary@njafm.org. 
n	 To learn more about flood maps, view and obtain maps, and contact FEMA map specialists, go to 
www.fema.gov/national-flood-insurance-program-flood-hazard-mapping. 
n	 FEMA’s on-line publications can be found in the FEMA Library (www.fema.gov/library/) or by using an 
Internet search engine to search by the publication number or title. You can order printed copies of FEMA 
publications from FEMA Publications at (800) 480-2520. 
n	 To learn about flood insurance, call your insurance agent. Most insurance companies can write an NFIP 
policy for you. Call the National Flood Insurance Program at (888) 379-9531 to get the name of an agent 
in your area who writes flood insurance. 
n	 To learn the importance of taking steps to financially protect homes and businesses from flood damage go 
to www.floodsmart.com. 


This Quick Guide may be downloaded from the
New Jersey Association for Floodplain Management:
www.njafm.org