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Executive Summary
The Borough of Little Silver, NJ has undertaken a comprehensive update of its Master Plan, encompassing elements such as Land Use, Circulation, Utility Services, Community Facilities, Conservation, Recreation, Open Space, Historic Preservation, and Recycling. This effort aims to establish policies for land development and redevelopment, address sustainability and storm resilience, and ensure adequate infrastructure for current and future residents. Key topics include smart growth strategies, electric vehicle charging infrastructure, climate change vulnerability assessment, and the preservation of historic sites and natural resources. The Master Plan intends to guide public and private development decisions, while maintaining and preserving the Borough’s natural resources.
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Bids/RFPs | Little Silver, NJ Skip to Main Content Important Message Holiday Hours at Borough Hall for 4/2 & 4/3 Search Government Departments Recreation Community How Do I... Home Government Bids/RFPs Bids/RFPs Borough Code Budgets and Financial Reports Audits Municipal Budgets Previous Annual Financial Statements Committees & Commissions Board of Health Environmental Commission Little Silver Green Challenge Green Team Advisory Committee Local Emergency Planning Council Parks & Recreation Committee Planning Board Shade Tree Commission Traffic Safety Committee Tree Preservation Commission Borough Master Plan Bids/RFPs Forms Planning & Zoning Forms / Information Mayor & Council Little Silver Public Notices Utility Companies Notice of Public Hearings Minutes & Agendas Pending Ordinances Mayor's Monthly Message Affordable Housing Agent of the Borough Little Silver Municipal Stormwater Collective Bargaining Agreements Forms Online Tax Payments Report a Concern Planning/Zoning Recreation Recycling/Trash/Brush Borough of Little Silver 480 Prospect Avenue Little Silver, NJ 07739 732-842-2400 Bids & RFPs Register for Borough Email Notifications via Constant Contact Report Power Outage or Street Light Out JCP&L directly at: 1-888-LIGHTSS (1-888-544-4877) Borough Newsletters Little Silver Master Plan - Adopted Sept. 2022 /QuickLinks.aspx Home Contact Us Accessibility Site Map Copyright Notices /QuickLinks.aspx Government Websites by CivicPlus® Loading Loading Do Not Show Again Close Arrow Left Arrow Right [] Slideshow Left Arrow Slideshow Right Arrow
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--- Document: Little Silver Master Plan - Adopted Sept. 2022 --- Master Plan of the Borough of Little Silver September 2022 Borough Council Robert C. Neff Jr., Mayor Donald S. Galante Michael Holzapfel Kevin Brennan Chris Smith Corinne Thygeson Stephanie Brannagan Borough Planning Board Robert C. Neff, Jr., Mayor Michael Holzapfel, Council Representative Kevin Burke, Borough Representative Paul Perfetto, Chairman Dane Mihlon, Vice Chairman Doug Christensen Glen Talavera Joseph Loftus Craig Orlando John T. Chimento, Alternate #1 Colleen Mayer, Board Secretary Michael R. Leckstein, Esq., Board Attorney Gregory S. Blash, PE, PP, Board Engineer Master Plan Committee Paul Perfetto John T. Chimento Dane Mihlon Craig Orlando Michael Holzapfel Project Team Christine L. Bell, PP, AICP, CFM Isabel Rodriguez Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan Table of Contents MASTER PLAN ....................................................................................................................... 1 Background ....................................................................................................................................1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................3 Borough Goals and Objectives .........................................................................................................3 Changes in Assumptions, Policies, and Objectives ...........................................................................4 DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS ....................................................................................................................... 4 Income .................................................................................................................................................................. 7 Housing Stock........................................................................................................................................................ 9 SUSTAINABILITY AND RESILIENCY ....................................................................................................................... 11 LOCAL REDEVELOPMENT AND HOUSING LAW ................................................................................................... 13 STORMWATER MANAGEMENT ........................................................................................................................... 13 GREEN BUILDINGS AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY ELEMENT ............................................................. 14 STATE DEVELOPMENT AND REDEVELOPMENT PLAN ......................................................................................... 14 AFFORDABLE HOUSING ....................................................................................................................................... 15 STATEMENT OF STRATEGY .................................................................................................................................. 16 ENERGY MASTER PLAN ....................................................................................................................................... 16 ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE ............................................................................................... 17 MONMOUTH COUNTY MASTER PLAN UPDATE 2016 ......................................................................................... 17 LAND USE ELEMENT ............................................................................................................. 19 Goals & Objectives ....................................................................................................................... 19 Existing Conditions ....................................................................................................................... 20 Existing Zoning ............................................................................................................................. 20 Single Family Residential Zone Districts .............................................................................................................. 20 Townhouse Zone Districts ................................................................................................................................... 20 Planned Residential Zone .................................................................................................................................... 22 Age Restricted Affordable Housing Zone ............................................................................................................ 22 General Professional Development Zone ........................................................................................................... 22 Business Districts ................................................................................................................................................ 22 Municipal Purpose Zone ..................................................................................................................................... 22 Light Industrial .................................................................................................................................................... 22 Land Use Recommendations ......................................................................................................... 22 Storm Resiliency, Smart Growth, Environmental Sustainability ...................................................... 23 Smart Growth .............................................................................................................................. 23 Electric Vehicle Infrastructure ....................................................................................................... 24 Storm Resiliency ........................................................................................................................... 27 Energy supply ...................................................................................................................................................... 28 Flood-prone areas ............................................................................................................................................... 28 Environmental infrastructure ............................................................................................................................. 28 Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment ..................................................................................... 30 Analysis of Current and Future Threats .............................................................................................................. 31 Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan Build-out analysis ......................................................................................................................... 39 Development trends ........................................................................................................................................... 39 Build-out analysis ................................................................................................................................................ 40 Identification of facilities, utilities, roadways, and infrastructure necessary for evacuation and sustaining quality of life during a natural disaster ......................................................................... 40 Evacuation routes ............................................................................................................................................... 40 Critical Facilities .................................................................................................................................................. 40 Potential emergency services ............................................................................................................................. 42 Gas Stations ........................................................................................................................................................ 42 Potential impacts of natural hazards on components and elements of the Master Plan .................. 42 Strategies and recommendations available to reduce or avoid risks associated with natural hazards .................................................................................................................................................... 42 A policy statement regarding consistency, coordination, and integration of the Vulnerability Assessment with various existing or proposed plans ..................................................................... 43 References ................................................................................................................................... 44 CIRCULATION ELEMENT ....................................................................................................... 45 Goals & Objectives ....................................................................................................................... 45 Recommendations: ...................................................................................................................... 46 Roadway Network ........................................................................................................................ 46 Roadway Classification ................................................................................................................. 46 Road Safety Analysis .................................................................................................................... 50 Severity ............................................................................................................................................................... 50 Primary Accident Locations................................................................................................................................. 50 Bicycle and Pedestrian Conditions ................................................................................................ 51 Parking ........................................................................................................................................ 51 UTILITY SERVICE PLAN ELEMENT ........................................................................................... 52 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 52 Utility Service Goals and Objectives ............................................................................................... 52 Solid Waste Disposal .................................................................................................................... 53 Water Service ............................................................................................................................... 53 Sanitary Sewer ............................................................................................................................. 54 Natural Gas .................................................................................................................................. 54 Electricity ..................................................................................................................................... 54 Stormwater .................................................................................................................................. 54 COMMUNITY FACILITIES ELEMENT ....................................................................................... 55 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 55 Goals and Objectives .................................................................................................................... 55 Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan Little Silver’s Community Facilities ................................................................................................ 56 Municipal Building .............................................................................................................................................. 56 Schools ................................................................................................................................................................ 56 Library ................................................................................................................................................................. 57 Police Department .............................................................................................................................................. 57 Fire/ First Aid....................................................................................................................................................... 57 Public Works Department ................................................................................................................................... 58 Recreation ........................................................................................................................................................... 58 Post Office ........................................................................................................................................................... 58 Train Station ........................................................................................................................................................ 59 Religious/Fraternal/Social Organizations ............................................................................................................ 59 CONSERVATION, RECREATION, AND OPEN SPACE ELEMENT ................................................. 61 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 61 Goals and Objectives .................................................................................................................... 61 Open Space .................................................................................................................................. 62 Threatened and Endangered Species ............................................................................................ 64 Stewardship of Little Silver’s Preserved and Threatened Areas ...................................................... 66 HISTORIC PRESERVATION ELEMENT ...................................................................................... 71 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 71 Goals and Objectives .................................................................................................................... 72 History of Little Silver ................................................................................................................... 73 Historic Properties........................................................................................................................ 73 Parker Homestead .............................................................................................................................................. 73 Little Silver Train Station ..................................................................................................................................... 74 Church St. District ............................................................................................................................................... 74 RECYCLING PLAN ELEMENT................................................................................................... 80 Recycling Goals and Objectives ...................................................................................................... 80 Recommendations ....................................................................................................................... 80 Table of Tables TABLE 1: POPULATION TRENDS, 1960-2020 ................................................................................................. 4 TABLE 2: POPULATION BY AGE COHORT, Little Silver, 2010-2020 ............................................................... 5 TABLE 3: POPULATION BY AGE COHORT, MONMOUTH COUNTY, 2010-2020 ............................................. 6 TABLE 4: MEDIAN AGE .................................................................................................................................. 6 TABLE 5: HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS ..................................................................................................... 7 TABLE 6: PER CAPITA INCOME AND MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME ........................................................... 7 TABLE 7: HOUSEHOLD INCOME DISTRIBUTION ............................................................................................ 8 TABLE 8: EMPLOYMENT STATUS ................................................................................................................... 8 TABLE 9: WORKFORCE BY SECTOR ................................................................................................................ 9 TABLE 10: HOUSING UNITS BY TYPE, 2020 ................................................................................................... 9 TABLE 11: VALUE OF OWNER- OCCUPIED HOUSING UNITS, 2020 ............................................................. 10 Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan TABLE 12: GROSS RENT PAID ...................................................................................................................... 10 TABLE 13: RESIDENTIAL ZONE DISTRICT STANDARDS ................................................................................. 20 TABLE 14: Hurricane and Tropical Storm Tracks Directly over Monmouth County Since 1850 ................. 35 TABLE 15: Housing Units Authorized by Building Permits .......................................................................... 39 TABLE 16: Critical Facilities ......................................................................................................................... 42 TABLE 17: Functional Classification Roads .................................................................................................. 50 TABLE 18: Problem Intersections ................................................................................................................ 50 TABLE 19: Little Silver Historic Properties ................................................................................................... 75 Table of Figures Figure 1. Borough Hall ................................................................................................................................... 1 Figure 2. Aerial Map of Little Silver ............................................................................................................... 2 Figure 3. Little Silver Creek ......................................................................................................................... 11 Figure 4. Parker Homestead Barns ............................................................................................................. 14 Figure 5. Monmouth County Framework for Public Investment ................................................................ 18 Figure 6. Zoning Map .................................................................................................................................. 21 Figure 7. Future EV Charging Locations ...................................................................................................... 26 Figure 8. Elevated Nature Walk at Little Silver Park ................................................................................... 27 Figure 9. Little Silver Creek ......................................................................................................................... 30 Figure 10. NWS Wind Chill Index ................................................................................................................ 32 Figure 11. NWS Heat Index ......................................................................................................................... 33 Figure 12. Flood Insurance Rate Map ......................................................................................................... 37 Figure 13. Predicted Coastal Flooding Impacts to Little Silver from a Category 4 Storm Event ................. 38 Figure 14. Evacuation Routes and Critical Facilities .................................................................................... 41 Figure 15. Road Classification Network ...................................................................................................... 48 Figure 16. Public Transportation Facilities .................................................................................................. 49 Figure 17. Post Office Museum ................................................................................................................... 55 Figure 18. Community Facilities .................................................................................................................. 60 Figure 19. Open Space and Recreation ....................................................................................................... 69 Figure 20. Critical Habitat ........................................................................................................................... 70 Figure 21. Parker House Homestead .......................................................................................................... 71 Figure 22. Little Silver Train Station ............................................................................................................ 74 Figure 23. Historic Properties ..................................................................................................................... 79 Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 1 MASTER PLAN Background The Borough of Little Silver is fully developed residential community located in the eastern part of Monmouth County, about five miles from the Atlantic Ocean. The Borough's land area is 1,741 acres (2.76 square miles) and is bounded by the Boroughs of Red Bank, Fair Haven, Rumson, Oceanport and Shrewsbury. It is bordered on the south and west by the Shrewsbury River and its tributaries (Little Silver Creek, Town Neck Creek, and Parkers Creek). The Borough is located approximately 40 miles south of New York City, 65 miles northeast of Philadelphia, and 40 miles east of Trenton, New Jersey’s capital. For most of its history, Little Silver's land use was primarily agricultural with a small historic business district surrounding the Borough Hall. The enlargement of Fort Monmouth during the 1940's and 1950's and the opening of the Garden State Parkway helped spark a building boom which transformed Little Silver into a classic suburban community. The Borough’s zoning ordinance has acted as a control to rapid development, with much of the Borough being located within medium to large lot residential zone districts. Little Silver's population tripled in the fifteen years following the end of World War II in 1945 and by 1960 the town had nearly attained its current population. The development of Bell Laboratories and other high-tech businesses in Monmouth County furthered residential growth in the Borough. By 1978, only 16.2% of the land in Little Silver remained vacant or in agricultural use. A secondary business center sprung up in the area around the railroad station and new residential development continued to occur. This Master Plan is intended to act as a vision for the future of Little Silver. This document discusses many of the planning issues facing Little Silver currently and that are to be expected in the future. While the Borough will continue to adapt to a changing world, ultimately, the goal for Little Silver is to “keep Little Silver little” and to be mindful of the impacts of future development and growth, while maintaining and preserving the Borough’s natural resources. Figure 1. Borough Hall Rumson Borough Shrewsbury Borough Oceanport Borough Red Bank Borough Fair Haven Borough Monmouth Beach Borough 2020 Aerial Imagery Borough of Little Silver Monmouth County, New Jersey Source: Monmouth County GIS, NJDEP, NJGIS, USDA NRCS, and ESRI LEON S. AVAKIAN, Inc. Consulting Engineers 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.1 Miles ± Date Saved: 6/27/2022 This map was developed using New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Geographic Information System digital data, but this secondary product has not been verified by NJDEP and is not state-authorized or endorsed. Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 3 Introduction This municipal Master Plan is a document that establishes the policies for land development and redevelopment for a municipality. It is the principal document concerning land use, and guides both public and private development in making decisions regarding land use. The Master Plan forms the legal foundation for the zoning ordinance and zoning map. The zoning ordinance and map constitute the primary law governing the use of land at the municipal or local level. The New Jersey Municipal Land Use Law requires that all municipal Master Plans contain a statement of objectives, principals, assumptions, policies and standards upon which the comprehensive plan is to be based. This requirement recognizes the necessity of having clearly defined municipal goals and objectives. The individual Master Plan elements provide the means for implementing the established goals. The stated Borough planning goals are of a more general and qualitative nature and provide the overall framework for development and preservation within Little Silver. Each element of this Master Plan provides a more specific means to realize the Borough’s goals. In time, as part of the ongoing planning process, Borough goals and objectives may change. The Goals and Objectives of the Borough of Little Silver’s 2022 Master Plan are as follows: Borough Goals and Objectives 1. To advance the purposes of the Municipal Land Use Law as contained within NJSA 40:55D-2. 2. To assure high quality of life for present and future residents of the Borough. 3. To provide for and encourage the use of lands within the Borough consistent with neighborhood characteristics and land capability, while maintaining sensitivity to the Borough’s environmental resources. 4. Preserve and enhance the existing character of the residential neighborhoods in the Borough. 5. Maintain open space in a quantity and at locations in accordance with accepted standards. 6. Provide conservation areas as well as passive and active recreation facilities. 7. Establish corridor links between open space, mass transportation and the downtown. 8. Continue to establish walkable and bikeable linkages within the Borough as well as maintaining safe and accessible walking and bicycle paths for people of all ages and abilities. 9. Support economic development by facilitating the continued viability of existing and future development in the downtown as well as other commercial areas of the Borough. 10. Continue to review the opportunities for shared services where appropriate. 11. Provide a variety of housing opportunities for all income levels in appropriate locations consistent with environmental constraints. 12. Promote aesthetic and site improvements in the Borough’s commercial areas. 13. Provide adequate community facilities and services in order to enhance the quality of life Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 4 for existing and future Borough residents and respond to changing demographics. 14. Promote the preservation of natural resources and environmentally sensitive areas, particularly wetland, woodland, coastal, flood hazard and aquifer recharge areas. 15. Provide for additional open space and maintain and enhance existing parkland and open space. 16. Ensure that the Borough’s Land Use Plan is compatible with adjacent municipalities, the County and the State of New Jersey. Since the Borough adopted its 2012 Master Plan Reexamination Report, the overall character of the Borough has not changed significantly, nor have there been substantive changes in land use, environmental conditions or circulation patterns in the Borough. However, there have been some significant changes at the state, county and local level affecting the assumptions, policies and objectives forming the basis of the Master Plan. Changes in Assumptions, Policies, and Objectives DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS Population In 2020, Little Silver had an estimated total population of 5,817. This number represents a population decrease of 353 persons or 5.7 percent since 2000, when the total population was 6,170. The overall population trend in Little Silver has been relatively stable since 1970 up to the year 2000, when the population peaked at 6,170. The largest decrease was in 1980, with a population decrease of 7.7 percent. Monmouth County, in comparison, experienced a slight population decrease of 9,559 between 2010 and 2020, but had been experiencing consistent population increases up to that point. However, while population data is not yet available, the population in Little Silver is predicted to have increased since 2020, as the exodus of people from New York City due to the COVID-19 pandemic has led to an influx of new residents drawn to Little Silver for its ample open space and excellent quality of life. TABLE 1: POPULATION TRENDS, 1960-2020 Year Little Silver Monmouth County New Jersey Population Change Population Change Population Change Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 1960 5,202 - - 334,401 - - 6,066,782 - - 1970 6,010 808 15.5% 461,849 127,448 38.1% 7,171,112 1,104,330 18.2% 1980 5,548 -462 -7.7% 503,173 41,324 8.9% 7,365,011 193,899 2.7% 1990 5,721 173 3.1% 553,124 49,951 9.9% 7,730,188 365,177 5.0% 2000 6,170 449 7.8% 615,301 62,177 11.2% 8,414,350 684,162 8.9% 2010 5,987 -183 -3.0% 630,380 15,079 2.5% 8,791,894 377,544 4.5% 2020 5,817 -170 -2.8% 620,821 -9,559 -1.5% 8,885,418 93,524 1.1% 2050^ 6,206 389 6.7% 671,946 51,125 8.2% 7,743,120 -1,142,298 -12.9% Source: U.S. Census Bureau Decennial Census, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (table DP05) **Population Projections from North Jersey Transportation Planning Authority (NJTPA) Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 5 Population Projections The most recent forecasts completed by the NJTPA project to the year 2050. The population is expected to be 6,206 persons, a 6.7 percent increase from 2020. This increase is similar to that of the County at 8.2 percent. Population Composition by Age The age composition of Little Silver has shifted noticeably since 2010. According to American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, significant changes occurred in many age groups. The greatest percentage decreases occurred in the 55 to 59 years age cohort, which decreased by 38.8 percent, followed by those in the 15 to 19 years age cohort, which decreased by 14.2 percent. Conversely, the Borough has seen the biggest shift occur in residents between 60 to 64 years old, with a percent increase of 145.3 percent. TABLE 2: POPULATION BY AGE COHORT, Little Silver, 2010-2020 Population 2010 2020 Change 2010-2020 Number Percent Number Percent Total population 5,987 100.0% 5,817 100.0% Under 5 years 306 5.1 276 4.7 -9.8% 5 to 9 years 485 8.1 438 7.5 -9.7% 10 to 14 years 677 11.3 632 10.9 -6.6% 15 to 19 years 339 5.7 291 5.0 -14.2% 20 to 24 years 224 3.7 224 3.9 0.0% 25 to 34 years 283 4.7 356 6.1 25.8% 35 to 44 years 833 13.9 729 12.5 -12.5% 45 to 54 years 1158 19.3 978 16.8 -15.5% 55 to 59 years 449 7.5 275 4.7 -38.8% 60 to 64 years 274 4.6 672 11.6 145.3% 65 to 74 years 525 8.8 520 8.9 -1.0% 75 to 84 years 279 4.7 291 5.0 4.3% 85 years and over 155 2.6 135 2.3 -12.9% US Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates (table DP05) Monmouth County also experienced shifts in the age make-up of its population. The County experienced a significant decrease in the elementary and middle school-aged population, with a decrease of 30.73 percent for those aged 5 to 14 years. The 35 to 44 years old age cohort experienced the most substantial population decrease over this timeframe, with a 23.98 percent decrease. Overall, both the Borough and the County experienced population decreases in the population 19 years and younger. As with the Borough, the percentage of the County’s older age cohorts (55 and over years) experienced increases between 2010 and 2020. This suggests that the County, like the Borough, has an aging population. Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 6 TABLE 3: POPULATION BY AGE COHORT, MONMOUTH COUNTY, 2010-2020 Population 2010 2020 Change 2010-2020 Number Percent Number Percent Total population 628,112 100.0% 620,821 100.0% -1.16% Under 5 years 36,105 5.7% 30,774 5.0% -14.77% 5 to 9 years 43,432 6.9% 36,140 5.8% -16.79% 10 to 14 years 45,172 7.2% 38,876 6.3% -13.94% 15 to 19 years 44,706 7.1% 40,664 6.6% -9.04% 20 to 24 years 33,055 5.3% 37,246 6.0% 12.68% 25 to 34 years 63,105 10.0% 66,655 10.7% 5.63% 35 to 44 years 93,461 14.9% 71,051 11.4% -23.98% 45 to 54 years 108,675 17.3% 92,203 14.9% -15.16% 55 to 59 years 42,594 6.8% 52,157 8.4% 22.45% 60 to 64 years 34,235 5.5% 45,294 7.3% 32.30% 65 to 74 years 41,719 6.6% 63,279 10.2% 51.68% 75 to 84 years 29,301 4.7% 31,298 5.0% 6.82% 85 years and over 12,552 2.0% 15,184 2.4% 20.97% US Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates (table DP05) The median age of Little Silver residents increased by 1.3 years between 2010 and 2020, which is below the county’s increase of 2.8 and just below the state’s increase of 1.5. This trend is consistent with the general “graying” of America as the Baby Boom Generation continues to age. The Borough’s median age of 44.8 is remarkably similar to the overall County median age of 43.4 years. TABLE 4: MEDIAN AGE HOUSEHOLDS A household is defined as one or more persons, related or not, living together in a housing unit. 2020 ACS 5-Year Estimates note that there were approximately 2,064 households in Little Silver. Approximately 52.52 percent of the Borough’s households were comprised of one or two persons, with the two-person category containing the greatest number of households. A larger percentage (~59%) of Monmouth County households fell into these categories. The Borough exhibited a lower percentage of one-person households than the County. However, the Borough contains a larger Year Little Silver Monmouth County New Jersey 2010 43.5 40.6 38.5 2020 44.8 43.4 40.0 Change 1.3 2.8 1.5 U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Decennial Census (table DP-1) U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2015-2020 (table B01002) Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 7 percentage of three- and four-person households compared to the County. The Borough’s average household size reflects these trends, with a larger average household size of 2.82 persons per household, compared to the County’s 2.58-person per household figure. TABLE 5: HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS Little Silver and Monmouth County Borough County Number Percent Number Percent Total Households 2,064 100.0% 238,235 100.0% 1-person 262 12.69% 62,117 26.07% 2-persons 822 39.83% 78,418 32.92% 3-persons 339 16.42% 37,923 15.92% 4 or more persons 641 31.06% 59,777 25.09% Average Household Size 2.82 2.58 U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2015-2020 (tables S2501 & B25010) Income Little Silver experienced a 101.86 percent increase in per capita income between 2000 and 2020, which was a greater increase than that of Monmouth County (72.99%) and the State (63.49%). The same trend applied for the median household income, with the Borough’s 115.61 percent increase being much higher than that of the County (61.07%) and State (54.58%). The median income in Little Silver was estimated at $202,875 as of 2020, nearly twice median household income of the County, and more than double the median household income of the State. TABLE 6: PER CAPITA INCOME AND MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME 2000 Per Capita Income 2020 Per Capita Income Percent Change 2000 Median Household Income 2020 Median Household Income Percent Change Little Silver $46,798 $94,467 101.86% $94,094 $202,875 115.61% Monmouth County $31,149 $53,886 72.99% $64,271 $103,523 61.07% New Jersey $27,006 $44,153 63.49% $55,146 $85,245 54.58% U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 Decennial Census (tables DP-3 and P082) U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2015-2020 (tables S1902 and S1903) The income distribution for the Borough is similar to that of the County. The income brackets containing the highest percentage of households in Little Silver (50.6%) and Monmouth County (20.5%) are the $200,000 or more, followed by the $100,000 to $149,999 range (16.0% in Little Silver and 18.7% in Monmouth County). While household income brackets containing the highest percentage of households is similar, there are more higher earning households, percentage wise in Little Silver than in Monmouth County overall. Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 8 TABLE 7: HOUSEHOLD INCOME DISTRIBUTION Little Silver Monmouth County Number Percentage Number Percentage Total Households 2,064 100.0% 238,235 100.0% Less than $10,000 40 1.9% 8,790 3.7% $10,000 to $14,999 13 0.6% 5,474 2.3% $15,000 to $24,999 9 0.4% 13,351 5.6% $25,000 to $34,999 54 2.6% 13,205 5.5% $35,000 to $49,999 67 3.2% 17,299 7.3% $50,000 to $74,999 176 8.5% 30,155 12.7% $75,000 to $99,999 95 4.6% 26,966 11.3% $100,000 to $149,999 330 16.0% 44,467 18.7% $150,000 to $199,999 236 11.4% 29,771 12.5% $200,000 or more 1,044 50.6% 48,757 20.5% U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2015-2020 (table B19001) Employment The 2020 ACS reports on the work activity of residents aged 16 years and older. While the Borough’s working age population was 4,364 persons, approximately 2,633 residents were part of the labor force (60.3%). Approximately 39.7 percent of the Borough’s working age residents were not participating in the labor force. All of Little Silver’s labor force was employed in civilian jobs, while zero residents reported being members of the armed forces. Approximately 2.3 percent of Borough residents were estimated as being unemployed at this time, just 1.1 percent under the unemployment rate of Monmouth County overall. TABLE 8: EMPLOYMENT STATUS Little Silver Monmouth County Number Percent Number Percent Population 16 years and over 4,364 100.0% 506,991 100.0% In labor force 2,633 60.3% 337,007 66.5% Civilian Labor Force 2,633 60.3% 336,558 66.4% Employed 2,531 58% 319,494 63% Unemployed 102 2.3% 17,064 3.4% Armed Forces 0 0.0% 449 0.1% Not in labor force 1,731 39.7% 169,984 33.5% U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2015-2020 (table DP03) Employment by Industry An analysis of employees (over the age of 16) by economic sector indicates that employed working age individuals in Little Silver were involved in a range of economic sectors. As depicted in Table 9 below, the highest concentration of workers (23.9%) are employed in the professional, scientific, and management, and administrative and waste management services sector. The only two (2) other sectors employing over 10 percent of Borough’s residents were finance and insurance, and real estate and rental and leasing sector, and the educational services, and health care and social Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 9 assistance sector. Employment is relatively diffuse across sectors for the Borough’s population, spread amongst five (5) sectors that employ between 5 and 10 percent of residents. TABLE 9: WORKFORCE BY SECTOR Industry Little Silver Monmouth County Civilian employed population 16 years and over 100% 100% Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, mining 0% 0.3% Construction 7% 7.1% Manufacturing 5.5% 5.8% Wholesale Trade 6.3% 2.9% Retail Trade 6.2% 10.8% Transportation and Warehousing, and Utilities 3% 4.8% Information 1.2% 3.1% Finance and insurance, and real estate and rental and leasing 19.1% 10.2% Professional, scientific, and management, and administrative and waste management services 23.9% 14.3% Educational services, and health care and social assistance 19% 24.4% Arts, entertainment, and recreation, and accommodation and food services 5.1% 8.2% Other Services, except public administration 2.4% 3.6% Public administration 1.1% 4.5% U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2015-2020 (table DP03) Housing Stock The housing stock in Little Silver is generally divided into three different unit types. Single-family detached homes comprise the majority (83.9%) of the Borough’s housing stock, followed by single-family attached homes at nearly 10% of the housing stock. The remaining is comprised of mobile homes and mid- rise multi- family units. TABLE 10: HOUSING UNITS BY TYPE, 2020 Units in Structure Total Percent Total 2,164 100% 1 Unit, detached 1,815 83.9% 1 Unit, attached 214 9.9% 2 Units 0 0.0% 3 or 4 Units 33 1.5% 5 to 9 Units 41 1.9% 10 to 19 Units 0 0.0% 20 Units or more 11 0.5% Mobile home 50 2.3% Boat, RV, van, etc. 0 0.0% U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2015-2020 (DP04) Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 10 According to ACS 5-Year Estimates, most housing units in Little Silver were valued at $500,000 and greater. Table 11 provides a breakdown of home values for owner-occupied units within the Borough. The median value of an owner-occupied housing unit was $709,600 at the time of the survey. In comparison, most housing units in Monmouth County overall were valued in the next lowest bracket, between $300,000 and $499,999. The median value of an owner- occupied home in Monmouth County was $274,300 less than that of the Borough. TABLE 11: VALUE OF OWNER- OCCUPIED HOUSING UNITS, 2020 Little Silver Monmouth County Number Percentage Number Percentage Total 1,922 100% 177,116 100% Less than $50,000 0 0% 2,674 1.5% $50,000 to $99,999 0 0% 1,856 1% $100,000 to $149,999 18 0.9% 3,273 1.8% $150,000 to $199,999 0 0% 6,078 3.4% $200,000 to $299,999 0 0% 26,244 14.8% $300,000 to $499,999 414 21.5% 69,112 39% $500,000 and greater 1,490 77.5% 67,879 38.3% Median Value $709,600 $435,300 U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2015-2020 (table DP04) TABLE 12: GROSS RENT PAID Little Silver Monmouth County Number Percentage Number Percentage Total Renter Occupied Units 117 100% 58,601 100.00% Less than $500 9 8% 4,189 7.1% $500 to $999 0 0% 6,335 10.8% $1,000 to $1,499 0 0% 21,556 36.8% $1,500 to $1,999 11 9% 13,359 22.8% $2,000 or more 97 83% 13,162 22.5% No cash rent 25 21.4% 2,518 4.3% Median Contract Rent +$3,500 $1,437 U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2015-2020 (table DP04) For rental units, the median contract rent in Little Silver was estimated at +$3,500 in the 2015- 2020 5-year American Community Survey. The highest percentage of renters paid $2,000 or more for rent (83%). The County’s median contract rent was lower at $1,437. Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 11 SUSTAINABILITY AND RESILIENCY In the wake of Superstorm Sandy, municipalities in New Jersey are following national and global trends towards planning for enhanced environmental sustainability and community resiliency. Land use planning and land development policies play a key role in advancing resiliency and sustainability initiatives because land development policies often mediate the natural and built environments. Sustainability is defined as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Many municipalities have started to address sustainability issues by forming a citizen-led Green Teams and participating in Sustainable Jersey, the statewide program that has established a framework for implementing sustainable practices across many community development dimensions. Little Silver is a bronze certified applicant since October 09, 2017, with 175 points. The Borough established a Green Team in January 2010, and it was officially recognized by the Borough in May 2010. Through the Sustainable Jersey Certification, the Borough is committed to working with the Environmental Commission on new town initiatives that promote resilience and sustainability. Resiliency is defined as the capacity of a system to withstand disturbance while still retaining its fundamental structure, function, and internal feedbacks. In many municipalities, community resilience to natural disaster was put to the test like never when Superstorm Sandy hit New Jersey in October 2012. Communities near the coast with tidally-influenced bodies of water such as Little Silver faced staggering levels of damage from wind, storm surge wave action, and riverine flooding. The Department of Community Affairs reports that 192 homes in Little Silver sustained major/severe damage during Superstorm Sandy. One pillar of resiliency is the use of mitigation techniques before disaster strikes in order to anticipate and potentially avoid likely threats to life and property. In June 2015, Monmouth County adopted a FEMA-approved Multi-Jurisdictional Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan, which includes municipal-level analyses of risk. The County Plan ranked local susceptibility to hazards on a low- medium-high scale for each municipality. High risk hazards identified for Little Silver are hurricanes/tropical storms, Nor’easters, drought, floods, and storm surge events. Medium-risk hazards for Little Silver include extreme temperatures, extreme wind, tornado, winter storm, coastal erosion, and landslides. 1 The County Plan included estimates of potential damage for some of these hazards, including the following for Little Silver: 1 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan: Chapter 4 Risk Assessment – Monmouth County, New Jersey, Page 321 (pdf page 289). Figure 3. Little Silver Creek Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 12 • Exposure in flood hazard areas, in terms of assessed value of buildings: $123,307,1842 • Exposure in storm surge areas, number of people: 3,0903 • Additional future losses from the 0.2% Annual Chance Flood Event from Riverine flooding: $26,9274 To combat these issues, the Borough proposed nine (9) Hazard Mitigation Actions5 that were included in the County Hazard Mitigation Plan and are discussed further within the Land Use Element of the Master Plan. The effects of Superstorm Sandy provide an opportunity for coastal municipalities to reexamine polices related to flooding and natural disasters as well as resiliency towards future storm events. Little Silver recently adopted an updated Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance on May 23, 2022 (Ordinance No. 857-22). The ordinance acknowledges that flood losses are caused by the cumulative effect of obstructions in areas of special flood hazard, which increase flood heights and velocities. The most recently issued effective FEMA FIRMs (June 15,2022 and June 20, 2018) are established as defining the extent of the Special Flood Hazard Area, where the code regulates the method, material, elevation, and other attributes of new construction and substantial rehabilitation. The goals of these efforts, driven home by the devastation of Sandy, are to protect human life and health, minimize expenditure of public money for costly flood control projects, and to minimize the need for rescue and relief efforts during flood events, among others. Now in updating Little Silver’s Master Plan, the Borough has the opportunity to: • Promote the public’s awareness of their flood risks and mitigation strategies to protect themselves and their community; • Introduce ordinances and design standards that will better enable homes and businesses to withstand the effects of coastal storms; • Focus public agencies on community vulnerabilities to hazards such as flooding; • Ensure that future capital projects are designed and constructed to incorporate features that are resilient to storm- and flood-related impacts; • Integrate hazard mitigation into Master Plan elements; and • Provide greater awareness of environmental protection and stewardship to provide for a more sustainable future. 2 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan: Chapter 4 Risk Assessment – Monmouth County, New Jersey, Page 117 (pdf page 85). 3 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan: Chapter 4 Risk Assessment – Monmouth County, New Jersey, Page 144 (pdf page 112). 4 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan: Chapter 4 Risk Assessment – Monmouth County, New Jersey, Page 120 (pdf page 88). 5 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan: Appendix Vol I.26 Little Silver Borough – Monmouth County, New Jersey, Page 1-2 (pdf page 3-4). Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 13 LOCAL REDEVELOPMENT AND HOUSING LAW On September 6, 2013, Chapter 159 was signed into law, which stipulates that a municipality's decision to reserve the power of eminent domain shall be moved to the very beginning of the redevelopment process. When asking the local planning board to investigate whether an area should be designated as in need of redevelopment, the municipality must now indicate whether it is seeking to designate a "Non-Condemnation Redevelopment Area" or a "Condemnation Redevelopment Area.” The criteria for each type of area are the same; the only difference is the power to use eminent domain. Additionally, Chapter 159 revised the "e" criterion for designating an area in need of redevelopment. The "e" criterion reads: "A growing lack or total lack of proper utilization of areas caused by the condition of the title, diverse ownership of the real properties therein or other similar conditions which impede land assemblage or discourage the undertaking of improvements, resulting in a stagnant and unproductive condition of land potentially useful and valuable for contributing to and serving the public health, safety and welfare, which condition is presumed to be having a negative social or economic impact or otherwise being detrimental to the safety, health, morals, or welfare of the surrounding area or the community in general.” STORMWATER MANAGEMENT The State of New Jersey has recently undertaken several efforts to provide for the enhanced regulation of stormwater runoff. In December 2018, the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection proposed changes to the state’s stormwater management rules (N.J.A.C. 7:8), requiring developers to utilize green infrastructure to meet the minimum standards for stormwater management standards for water quality, groundwater recharge and stormwater volume control as part of any major development. These rules significantly change how stormwater is managed in New Jersey. Previously, developers were only required to consider and incorporate green infrastructure “to the maximum extent practicable,” which the NJDEP now acknowledges involved a measure of subjectivity. A public hearing on these rules was held in January 2019, with a public comment period until February 2019. On March 2, 2020, these rules were published in the New Jersey Register, and went into effect in March 2021. In March 2019, the Clean Stormwater and Flood Reduction Act (S1073/A2694) was signed into law, which gives municipalities and counties the option to establish “stormwater utilities.” Stormwater utilities are a tool used in communities throughout the country to fund maintenance, construction, and operation of stormwater management systems through the assessment of fees on certain impervious surfaces that contribute into the stormwater system. Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 14 GREEN BUILDINGS AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY ELEMENT Many New Jersey municipalities have made efforts to reduce their carbon footprint, decrease greenhouse gas emissions, encourage the use of renewable energy sources, conserve energy, and minimize the use of natural resources. Federal and state programs have been established to assist municipalities to address these goals. In the private sector, the US Green Building Council, a private organization, has established the Leadership for Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification programs to encourage and standardize the certification of buildings which are energy efficient and incorporate sustainable environmental design concepts. Recognizing the importance of green building and sustainability, the New Jersey Legislature amended the New Jersey Municipal Land Use Law (MLUL) in 2009 to add the Green Building and Environmental Sustainability Plan Element to the list of optional elements of a municipal master plan. The scope of the new element is as follows: “A green building and environmental sustainability plan element, which shall provide for, encourage and promote the efficient use of natural resources and the installation and usage of renewable energy systems, consider the impact of buildings on the local, regional and global environment; allow ecosystems to function naturally; conserve and reuse water; treat storm water on site; and optimize climatic conditions through site orientation and design. The Borough of Little Silver adopted a Green Building and Sustainability Plan Element in 2014. STATE DEVELOPMENT AND REDEVELOPMENT PLAN The State Planning Commission adopted the most recent State Development and Redevelopment Plan (SDRP) on March 1, 2001. The SDRP contains a number of goals and objectives regarding the future development and redevelopment of New Jersey. The primary objective of the SDRP is to guide development to areas where infrastructure is available or can be readily extended such as along existing transportation corridors, in developed or developing suburbs, and in urban areas. Concentrated growth will have the positive effects of consuming less land, depleting fewer natural resources and using the State's infrastructure more efficiently. Figure 4. Parker Homestead Barns Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 15 The State released the final draft of the State Strategic Plan in 2011, meant as an update to the 2001 SDRP. While the State Strategic Plan has not been officially adopted, and the SDRP is still the official State Plan, it is still prudent to plan with updated State goals and objectives in mind so as to be prepared for its eventual implementation, or the implementation of a State Plan with similar goals. The 2011 State Strategic Plan articulates a number of goals as Garden State Values (GSV), stated as follows: • GSV #1: Concentrate development and mix uses. • GSV #2: Prioritize Redevelopment, infill, and existing infrastructure. • GSV #3: Increase job and business opportunities in priority growth investment areas. • GSV #4: Create High-Quality, Livable Places. • GSV #5: Provide Transportation Choice & Efficient Mobility of Goods. • GSV #6: Advance Equity. • GSV #7: Diversify Housing Options. • GSV #8: Provide for Healthy Communities through Environmental Protection and Enhancement. • GSV #9: Protect, Restore and Enhance Agricultural, Recreational and Heritage Lands. • GSV #10: Make Decisions within a Regional Framework AFFORDABLE HOUSING In response to the Mount Laurel II decision, the New Jersey Legislature adopted the Fair Housing Act in 1985 (Chapter 222, Laws Of New Jersey, 1985). The Fair Housing Act established a Council on Affordable Housing (COAH) as an administrative alternative to the courts. COAH was also given the responsibility of establishing various housing regions in the state, determining regional and municipal fair share affordable housing obligations and adopting regulations establishing the guidelines and approaches that municipalities may use in addressing their affordable housing need. Due to inaction by the State to promulgate new third round rules, on March 10, 2015, the New Jersey Supreme Court stripped the Council on Affordable Housing (COAH) of jurisdiction of municipal housing plans, ruling that the determination of affordable housing obligations would now be administered by the trial courts. This nullified the State’s administrative remedy to the Fair Housing Act of 1985 and replaced it with a court remedy for affordable housing compliance. The Supreme Court directed municipalities to appear in trial courts beginning on June 8, 2015 to show how they intended to provide their fair share of their region’s need for affordable housing, requiring municipalities to now petition the court for declaratory judgements actions and allowing builders, developers and other interested parties to intervene in the proceedings. On January 17, 2017, the NJ Supreme Court rendered a decision, In Re Declaratory Judgment Actions Filed By Various Municipalities, 227 N.J. 508 (2017), that found that the “gap period,” defined as 1999-2015, generates an affordable housing obligation. This obligation requires an expanded definition of the municipal Present Need obligation to include low- and moderate- income households formed during the gap period; however, this component of the obligation is a Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 16 new-construction obligation rather than a rehabilitation obligation. The majority of municipalities who filed a Declaratory Judgment Action, including Little Silver, settled with FSHC. This means a Settlement Agreement, agreed to by both parties, sets forth the affordable housing obligation, compliance mechanisms and other terms intended to promote affordable housing production. This Settlement Agreement must be approved by Superior Court at a “Fairness Hearing” where the Settlement Agreement is evaluated to determine if it is fair to the interests of low and moderate income households. Once determined to be “fair” via the issuance of a Court Order, a municipality must adopt and endorse a housing element and fair share plan that reflects the terms of the Settlement Agreement. This housing plan must be subsequently submitted to Superior Court for its review and approval. Should the Court find the plan acceptable, the municipality will receive a Judgment of Compliance and an Order of Repose and immunity from builder’s remedy litigation for the remaining portion of the third round, which ends on July 1, 2025. This is similar to COAH’s substantive certification. To maintain the validity of the Order, the municipality is required to conduct the necessary continued implementation and monitoring. In response to the March 10, 2015 NJ Supreme Court decision (In re Adoption of N.J.A.C. 5:96 & 5:97, 221 NJ 1, aka “Mount Laurel IV”), the Borough filed on July 2, 2015 a Declaratory Judgment Action and Motion for Temporary Immunity in Superior Court. This action entered the Borough into the process of determining its affordable housing obligation and how it would be satisfied. Additionally, the Borough later received immunity from builder’s remedy litigation while doing so. Little Silver and FSHC came to terms in a Settlement Agreement that set forth the Borough’s affordable Housing obligation and preliminary compliance plan. This Settlement Agreement was executed on June 12, 2018. This Settlement Agreement was approved by the Hon. Jamie S. Perri, J.S.C. on September 18, 2018. A Housing Plan Element and Fair Share Plan was prepared consistent with the Borough’s Settlement Agreement with FSHC and the September 2018 Order and adopted in 2019. STATEMENT OF STRATEGY P.L. 2017, Chapter 275 (A4185/S2873) was approved on January 8, 2018, which amended the Municipal Land Use Law to require that the adoption of any subsequent Land Use Element to include a “statement of strategy” related to sustainability and storm resilience. In particular, the statement must address the following: smart growth, with a focus on the potential locations for the installation of electric vehicle charging stations; storm resiliency with respect to energy supply, flood-prone areas, and environmental infrastructure; and environmental sustainability. ENERGY MASTER PLAN The New Jersey Energy Master Plan (EMP) Pathway To 2050 was unveiled in January 2020, envisioning initiatives to achieve 50 percent clean energy by 2030 and 100 percent clean energy by 2050. The plan concedes that the State’s current trajectory will not allow it to meet these goals, so the Master Plan identifies major contributors to the state’s carbon footprint—such as transportation and electric generation—and evaluates carbon neutral solutions. In reducing the dependence on fossil fuels, the EMP outlines seven key strategies guiding New Jersey’s path to energy efficiency, each with underlying goals and objectives intended to aid the transition to a clean energy future. Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 17 While the strategies, goals, and objectives of the Energy Master Plan are geared primarily toward state agencies and policy, many have the potential for replication on the local level, including, conversion of fleet vehicles to electric, installation of electric vehicle charging infrastructure, increasing transportation options, reducing congestion, encouraging transit oriented development, installation of alternative energy systems, improving energy efficiency in new and existing construction, developing shared bike and scooter programs, and incentivizing energy efficient purchasing. As such, Goal 6.1 and its underlying objectives seek to encourage municipalities to establish and enact community energy plans that will allow them to identify their own priorities and obstacles to complement the Energy Master Plan. The EMP suggests that a Community Energy Plan could include community redevelopment mechanisms to increase public space, walkability, and bike-ability; decrease congestion and idling; and enable equitable, multi-modal transportation opportunities to improve public health and quality of life. The EMP suggests that solid waste reduction plans, such as through a municipal composting program, could provide numerous benefits, including the energy saved from a reduction in waste sent to the landfill. ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE In 2019, the New Jersey State Legislature adopted Senate Bill 606 (P.L 2019, Chapter 267), which made amendments to the Municipal Land Use Law (N.J.S.A. 40:55d-1 et. seq.) and the Local Redevelopment and Housing Law (N.J.S.A. 40A:12a-1 et. seq.), intended to encourage municipalities to consider Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure as part of the master plan, periodic reexamination of the master plan, and redevelopment plans. Land Use, Circulation, and Green Buildings and Environmental Sustainability Plan Elements are required to identify potential electric vehicle charging stations. In the land use plan element, this relates to the statement of strategy showing the existing and proposed location of public electric vehicle charging infrastructure. In the circulation element, this includes identifying existing and proposed locations for public electric vehicle charging infrastructure. A green buildings and environmental sustainability plan should encourage and promote the development of public electric vehicle charging infrastructure in locations appropriate for their development, including commercial districts, areas proximate to public transportation and transit facilities and transportation corridors, and public rest stops. MONMOUTH COUNTY MASTER PLAN UPDATE 2016 The most recent Monmouth County Master Plan was adopted in 2016. The County Plan establishes a new regional land use planning system called the Monmouth County Framework for Public Investment. The majority of Little Silver is located within the Priority Growth Investment Area (PGIA), with the exception of the area surrounding Rumson Road, which is located in a Priority Preservation Investment Area (PPIA) in a PGIA. The following descriptions are taken from the 2016 County Plan to describe the investment framework for areas located within the Borough of Little Silver: Priority Growth Investment Area (PGIA) The PGIA is situated where there is either existing or planned infrastructure that lend to development and redevelopment opportunities. PGIAs are considered the locations for meeting Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 18 most of the county’s future population and employment growth. Public investments related to the efficient development and redevelopment of previously developed sites and optimization of existing settlement patterns should be encouraged. However, the PGIA also includes many established communities seeking to maintain their existing development pattern and character. Priority Preservation Investment Area (PPIA) An area or site where an investment in land preservation, agricultural development and retention, historic preservation, environmental protection and stewardship is preferred and encouraged. Supports the use of land conservation methods, techniques, and best management practices. Figure 5. Monmouth County Framework for Public Investment Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 19 LAND USE ELEMENT The Borough of Little Silver last adopted a Land Use Plan Element of its Municipal Master Plan in July 2002, as part of a revised Master Plan and Re-examination Report adopted at that time. The 2002 Master Plan included planning background data, a land use plan element, circulation plan element, community facilities plan element, utilities plan element, open space, recreation, and conservation plan element, and a recycling plan element and a comparative analysis with planning documents of adjacent municipalities, Monmouth County, and the New Jersey State Development and Redevelopment Plan. The Land Use Plan Element establishes long-range goals for the types of land uses that are encouraged, as well as appropriated densities within the Borough. The Land Use Plan serves as the foundation and basis for the zoning ordinance, which, in accordance with the Municipal Land Use Law (MLUL), should be substantially consistent with an adopted Land Use Plan. The 2002 Land Use Plan established recommendations regarding the use of lands within the Borough and the zoning and land use regulations that govern applications for development. The following goals and objectives for this Land Use Plan Element provide a foundation for this element and other plan elements: Goals & Objectives 1. Protect existing residential neighborhoods of the Borough and promote reasonable and appropriate nonresidential development in specific targeted areas. 2. All future development will be of high quality with specific attention to historic development patterns that characterize Little Silver 3. Provide a balanced land use pattern that preserves residential neighborhoods, strengthens the vitality of commercial districts, preserves parks and open spaces, protects environmentally sensitive natural features, accommodates community facilities, and enables local and regional circulation. 4. Prevent to the maximum extent practicable, the intrusion of nonresidential uses in residential neighborhoods. 5. Maintain existing residential neighborhoods as attractive, high quality areas and ensure that renovations and new construction are compatible with existing neighborhood character. 6. Encourage and support the rehabilitation and infill of the housing stock, where appropriate, while maintaining the character, scale and privacy of established residential neighborhoods. 7. Preserve, upgrade and increase the vitality of the existing commercial area in an appropriate manner, while being sensitive to adjacent and existing uses. 8. Evaluate existing development patterns and zones within established neighborhoods and commercial districts in order to make recommendations for zoning changes if warranted, while paying particular attention to overall residential densities. 9. Encourage the continued preservation and/or conservation of the Borough’s natural resources. Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 20 10. Promote and advance the integration of green technologies into the Borough’s Land Use planning and building construction process. 11. Promote an attractive visual environment in Little Silver Borough through appropriate standards within the land development ordinances. 12. Encourage the establishment of linkages and access with Little Silver’s open spaces and riverfront. 13. Evaluate potential locations to allow for mixed use development within the Borough. 14. Encourage the preservation of healthy and mature trees and avoid needless clear cutting. 15. Encourage smart growth design principles. 16. Proactively prepare for the impacts of climate change by promoting environmental sustainability and resiliency to future storm events. Existing Conditions The majority of Little Silver consists of residential uses, with areas of commercial uses located at the intersection of Markham Place and Prospect Avenue in the downtown residential area and along the NJ Transit rail corridor. A small industrial zone is located in the southern portion of the Borough, along the NJ transit corridor. Municipal purpose zones are dispersed throughout the Borough. Existing Zoning Single Family Residential Zone Districts The only principally permitted use within the R-1, R-1A, R-2, and R-3 Zone Districts is a single detached house used as a residence and by not more than one family except that rooms may be rented to not more than three people for sleeping purposes only. The R-3A Single Family Court Home District permits single family detached homes in accordance with the standards of the R-3 Zone and Single Family Court Homes with a minimum tract size of 7 acres total, with an average lot size of 5,250 sq. ft. The minimum lot area and maximum coverage permitted for each district is as follows: TABLE 13: RESIDENTIAL ZONE DISTRICT STANDARDS Minimum Lot Area Maximum Lot Coverage Maximum Impervious Coverage R-1 60,000 sq. ft. 25% 25% R-1A 40,000 sq. ft. 25% 25% R-2 25,000 sq. ft. 18% 35% R-3 20,000 sq. ft. 18% 35% Townhouse Zone Districts Permitted uses in the TH-1 and TH-2 Townhouse Zones include townhouse residential units, municipal parks, playgrounds, and other municipal buildings, and open space for active and passive recreation. R-1 R-3 R-2 R-2 R-1A R-1A PRD B-2 B-1 TH-1 B-1 R-3 B-1 MP-2 R-3 MP-2 R-1A B-1 MP-2 I-1 MP-2 ARAH R-3A MP-1 MP-2 TH-2 MP-2 MP-2 P-1 P-2 MP-2 ARAH MP-2 P-1 MP-2 MP-2 MP-2 MP-1 MP-2 MP-2 MP-2 MP-2 MP-2 MP-2 MP-2 Little Silver Creek Shrewsbury River Town Neck Creek Blackberry Creek Parkers Creek Branch Little Silver Creek tributary Oceanport Creek Shrewsbury River tributary Town Neck Creek tributary Blackberry Creek tributary Little Silver Creek tributary Little Silver Creek tributary Little Silver Creek tributary Little Silver Creek tributary Shrewsbury River tributary BRANCH AVE PROSPECT AVE RUMSON RD SEVEN BRIDGES RD WHITE RD LITTLE SILVER POINT RD SILVERSIDE AVE WILLOW DR BIRCH AVE KINGS RD HARDING RD QUEENS DR MARKHAM PL PAAG LN MAPLE AVE CHURCH ST MITCHELL PL LAUREL DR WOODBINE AVE JUDITH RD SALEM LN SILVERTON AVE VISTA DR WINDING WAY LOVETT AVE LIPPINCOTT RD PINE DR WINDSOR DR AMELIA CIR ESSEX DR PARKER AVE TABOR ST QUEENS DR S SOUTHVALE AVE ALWIN TER WINDING WAY S CREST DR LAURELWOOD DR N MITCHELL PL STANDISH RD PRINCE PL OAKES RD HOLLY DR OLD FARM LN LISA CT BORDEN PL DANIEL DR SPRING ST Shrewsbury Borough Red Bank Borough Rumson Borough Oceanport Borough Tinton Falls Borough Fair Haven Borough Middletown Township Zoning Map Borough of Little Silver Monmouth County, New Jersey Source: Monmouth County GIS, NJDEP, NJGIS, USDA NRCS, and ESRI LEON S. AVAKIAN, Inc. Consulting Engineers 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 0.125 Miles ± Date Saved: 6/27/2022 This map was developed using New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Geographic Information System digital data, but this secondary product has not been verified by NJDEP and is not state-authorized or endorsed. Legend R-1 Estate Residential Zone R-1A Low Desnsity Residential Zone R-2 Medium Density Residential Zone R-3 Medium Density Residential Zone R-3A Single Family Court Home Zone PRD Planned Residential Zone TH-1 Tpwnhouse Zone TH-2 Townhouse Zone ARAH Age-Restricted Affordable Housing Zone MP-1 Municipal Purpose Zone MP-2 Municipal Purpose Zone P-1 General Professional Development Zone P-2 General Professional Development Zone B-1 Business Zone B-2 Business Zone I-1 Light Industrial Zone LittleSilverRoads Railroad Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 22 Planned Residential Zone Permitted uses in the PRD Planned Residential Development Zone include single family detached dwellings, patio homes/ zero lot line development, townhomes, garden apartment units, quadruplex units, and semi-detached dwellings. The minimum tract area is 40 acres with a required minimum 50 ft. buffer from all adjacent property and street lines. Age Restricted Affordable Housing Zone The ARAH Age Restricted Affordable Housing Development Zone District permits age-restricted affordable housing developments on tracts of land at least 14.0 acres in size. Permitted uses in the ARAH Zone District include townhouses which shall including 32 market-rate units; garden apartments, which shall include 7 units set aside for occupancy by qualified low and moderate income households, conservation areas, public parks, and common open spaces, off-street parking, signs, balconies and patios, courtyards, a sales/construction trailer, and trailers of contractors. General Professional Development Zone Permitted uses in the P-1 and P-2 General Professional Development Zone Districts include professional offices, single family detached dwellings, federal, state, County, and Municipal offices, and essential services. The minimum permitted lot area in the P-1 zone district is 40,000 sq. ft., while in the minimum permitted lot area in the P-2 zone district is 10,000 sq. ft. Both General Professional Development zones permit a minimum unoccupied open space of 40% and a maximum floor area ratio of 0.30 Business Districts The B-1 and B-2 Business Districts permit a variety of commercial uses including retail sales, professional services, and business and professional office uses. Municipal Purpose Zone The MP-1 and MP-2 Municipal Purpose Zones permit municipal offices, buildings, facilities or uses. Light Industrial Permitted uses in the I-1 Light Industrial zone district include light manufacturing, warehousing, wholesaling or distributing establishments, scientific or research laboratories, executive or administrative offices of an industrial or business concern which are not normally involved in conducting business with the general public, Federal, State, County, and Municipal buildings and grounds, and essential services. The minimum lot area in this zone district is 20,000 sq. ft., while the maximum lot coverage permitted is 40% and the minimum unoccupied open space is 10%. Land Use Recommendations Since the most recent Land Use Plan adopted in July 2002, the land use, environmental quality, circulation patterns, and general character of the Borough have not changed significantly. However, as a part of its periodic review process of each of the Borough’s Master Plan elements, the Borough Planning Board recognizes the need to update the plan and recommend updates to the zoning and land use ordinances accordingly to align with changes to legislation at the State level, as well as a changing socioeconomic atmosphere and the on-going impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and climate change. The following changes are recommended regarding land use within the Borough of Little Silver: Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 23 1. Promote solar on any municipal structures, canopies over park cars and electric car chargers at all public parking lots within the Borough. 2. Install raised crosswalks on Silverside Ave., Little Silver Point Rd, North Prospect Ave., and Kings Road 3. Prohibit roosters where residents are allowed to raise chickens and limit the overall number of chickens allowed on a single property. 4. Limit the number of beehives per acre. 5. Require licensing for farm animals on residential properties. 6. Review and update the bulk standards associated with the R-3 zone district. 7. Encourage the creation of bike lanes on Branch and Prospect Avenues. Storm Resiliency, Smart Growth, Environmental Sustainability The Municipal Land Use Law (MLUL) requires a Land Use Plan element, of which it shall provide the rational basis and justification for municipal regulations. As it pertains to this section of the Land Use Element Amendment, N.J.S.A. 40:55D- 28 of the MLUL requires that the Land Use Plan shall: (f) include, for any land use element adopted after the effective date of P.L.2017, c.275, a statement of strategy concerning: i. smart growth which, in part, shall consider potential locations for the installation of electric vehicle charging stations, ii. storm resiliency with respect to energy supply, flood-prone areas, and environmental infrastructure, and iii. environmental sustainability; and (g) show the existing and proposed location of public electric vehicle charging infrastructure. The following section of the Land Use Element Amendment addresses each of these recent additions to the requirements of a Land Use Plan and will help guide the Borough to a more sustainable and resilient future. Smart Growth Smart Growth plans for development that attempts to curb “suburban sprawl” and lessen the negative impacts on the environment. There are several environmental benefits of smart growth, including: • Reducing vehicle miles traveled and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions; • Incorporating environmental awareness into land use decisions; • Conserving areas for natural processes of water absorption and filtering; • Creating links between neighborhoods and areas set aside of for nature-based recreation. This Land Use Plan encourages principles of smart growth by considering the Borough’s Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 24 environmental resources to support a healthy mix of open space, commercial, and residential uses in the future. In addition to the land use recommendations in this Land Use Plan, Little Silver can take proactive steps to enhance this smart growth pattern of development with greater sustainability. One such step is to encourage the use of electric vehicles. Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Electric vehicles represent a shift to more sustainable resources and zero vehicle emissions for personal automobiles, commercial fleets, and government vehicles (i.e. garbage trucks, street sweepers). These electric vehicles operate on battery power only, negating the need for gasoline usage. Rather, their mileage is determined based on the charge of the battery. One of the major barriers to greater electric vehicle adoption is concerns about access to charging, given most vehicle charging occurs at home. Currently, there are no electric vehicle (EV) charging stations in Little Silver. To increase access to electric vehicle chargers, the Borough can provide publicly accessible fast charging stations that serve any electric vehicle. Several municipalities across New Jersey have already partnered with electric vehicle charging companies to provide charging stations in and around their downtowns at publicly accessible lots. Recently, in September of 2021, the New Jersey Department of Community Affairs published an Electric Vehicle Charging Station Ordinance, which is a statewide model ordinance to provide guidance on how to implement the provisions of the EV Charging Station Law signed by Governor Murphy. The model ordinance aims to incentivize the installation of EV Charging Stations to provide charging services to electric vehicles throughout all New Jersey Municipalities (Saiber LLC 2021). This model ordinance will help guide municipalities such as Little Silver to add additional charging stations and to streamline the installation process in the future. Providing publicly accessible charging stations in various locations throughout Little Silver could help to attract electric vehicle owners who can charge their EV while they shop or dine in Little Silver. Little Silver has identified five (5) locations to implement public charging stations. These are listed below and are depicted in Figure 5: • Parker Avenue Municipal Lot • Sickles Park • Women’s Club • Borough Hall • Train Station Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 25 BRANCH AVE PROSPECT AVE RUMSON RD SEVEN BRIDGES RD WHITE RD LITTLE SILVER POINT RD SILVERSIDE AVE WILLOW DR BIRCH AVE KINGS RD HARDING RD QUEENS DR MARKHAM PL PAAG LN MAPLE AVE CHURCH ST MITCHELL PL LAUREL DR WOODBINE AVE JUDITH RD SALEM LN SILVERTON AVE VISTA DR WINDING WAY LOVETT AVE RIVERVIEW AVE LIPPINCOTT RD PINE DR WINDSOR DR PINCKNEY RD AMELIA CIR ESSEX DR HARRISON AVE PARKER AVE MANSON PL TABOR ST QUEENS DR S SOUTHVALE AVE FOX HILL DR ALWIN TER AYRES LN WINDING WAY S FAIRVIEW AVE EASTBORNE DR CREST DR LAURIE LN LAURELWOOD DR GRANT PL WESTWOOD RD HICKORY LN CAROLYN RD N MITCHELL PL STANDISH RD PRINCE PL OAKES RD CONOVER PL HOLLY DR RUMSON PL BROOK AVE OLD FARM LN PAAG CIR SILVERWHITE RD LISA CT EDGEWOOD AVE S SUNNYCREST DR BORDEN PL RIVERS EDGE DR SPRING ST CIRCLE LN CARLILE TER RUDDY CT Rumson Borough Shrewsbury Borough Oceanport Borough Red Bank Borough Monmouth Beach Borough Fair Haven Borough Tinton Falls Borough Long Branch Source: Esri, Maxar, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and the GIS User Community Legend ! ¸ Proposed EV Charging Stations Source: Monmouth County GIS, NJDOT, NJGIS, and ESRI Date Saved: 6/29/2022 Electric Vehicle (EV) Charging Stations Borough of Little Silver Monmouth County, New Jersey LEON S. AVAKIAN, Inc. Consulting Engineers ± This map was developed using New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Geographic Information System digital data, but this secondary product has not been verified by NJDEP and is not state-authorized or endorsed. 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 0.125 Miles H H H H H Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 27 Storm Resiliency "Resilience is the ability to prepare and plan for, absorb, recover from, and more successfully adapt to adverse events" (National Academies of Science). Infrastructure plays a critical role in storm resiliency and in turn creates numerous benefits for the community. Advances in green infrastructure are improving communities’ ability to prevent flooding and pollution runoff during increasingly frequent wet weather events. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defines green infrastructure as “…the range of measures that use plant or soil systems, permeable pavement or other permeable surfaces or substrates, stormwater harvest and reuse, or landscaping to store, infiltrate, or evapotranspire stormwater and reduce flows to sewer systems or to reduce surface waters." Green infrastructure plays a critical part in stormwater management to help reduce stormwater flows and the ability of pollutants and harmful toxins from entering into critical watersheds. On October 25, 2019, NJDEP adopted new stormwater rules (N.J.A.C. 7:8) to replace the current requirement that major developments incorporate nonstructural stormwater management strategies to the “maximum extent possible” to meet groundwater recharge standards, stormwater runoff quantity standards and stormwater runoff quality standards, with a requirement that green infrastructure be utilized to meet these same standards. The new rules went into effect on March 2, 2021. In essence, the new rules will require a more objective review standard for stormwater management than the more subjective “maximum extent possible” by creating a mathematically- based set of standards for projects to comply to with regards to stormwater design. The adopted changes also include changes to the infiltration of captured stormwater. The infiltration through best management practices can now be included in engineering calculations. Figure 8. Elevated Nature Walk at Little Silver Park Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 28 Energy supply Strong weather events and stressor events such as heat waves creating brown outs have caused increasing stress on the resiliency of the energy supply throughout New Jersey. Further, there are more recent concerns with vulnerabilities in the energy supply during cases of extreme weather events. In Little Silver and most of Monmouth County, Jersey Central Power and Light (JCP&L) is the main energy service provider. The Monmouth County Hazard Mitigation Plan identifies power failure as a key hazard in the County, which results from high winds, lighting, winter weather, and technological failures. Widespread power outages during the winter months can directly impact vulnerable populations such as the elderly and medically frail, which makes the mitigation of these hazards a high priority for Little Silver to plan for. Flood-prone areas In 2014, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) prepared the Preliminary Flood Insurance Rate Map (PFIRM) in order to give residents a look at their homes projected risk to flood hazards, which were last updated in 2022. The FIRMs contain the most recent data of all high risk flood areas in the United States. This information allows municipalities to create informed decisions about how to deal with flood zones as well as implement flood plans to protect their community and residents. According to the FIRM, the Borough has a total of 575 acres (28% of the Borough’s area) within a special flood hazard area, the majority of which is located within Zone AE. By using the FIRM and elevating structures above the Base Flood Elevation (BFE), the Borough can help increase community resiliency and decrease vulnerability. The Legislature of the State of New Jersey in NJSA 40:48-1 et seq., delegates the responsibility of the municipality to adopt ordinances that are designed to promote the health, safety, and welfare of the community. In relation to flood ordinances, the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection has created a model ordinance which Little Silver adopted adopted on May 23, 2022., “The Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance” aims to protect citizens and minimize damage caused by flood events, further increasing resiliency and decreasing vulnerability. An emerging issue faced by owners when attempting to elevate structures to lower flood damage risk is related to stricter building codes. Sometimes homeowners face issues with the Borough ordinance, given the height of an elevated structure exceeds the maximum building height allowed by municipal zoning, requiring a zoning variance. If Little Silver faces this issue, the Borough could implement a new ordinance allowing structures to elevate above the maximum building height when attempting to comply with the NFIP (Monmouth County Master Plan – Chapter 12: p. 8). This can help Little Silver create a more resilient community in the long-term. Environmental infrastructure Green Stormwater Infrastructure (GSI) Green Stormwater Infrastructure (GSI) is an adaptable term used to describe an array of products, technologies and practices that use natural systems or engineered systems to enhance overall environmental quality and provide utility services. As a general principle, green stormwater infrastructure techniques use soils and vegetation to infiltrate, evapotranspiration, cleanse, and/or recycle stormwater runoff and help resolve environmental issues related to non-point source pollution, water quality and storage. These technologies can simultaneously help improve air quality, reduce energy demands, mitigate urban heat islands, and sequester carbon while also Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 29 providing communities with aesthetic and natural resource benefits. Some examples of low-impact techniques of green stormwater infrastructure include rain gardens, swales, porous or permeable pavers, and rooftop gardens. Parks are also an ideal place to install highly visible demonstration rain gardens and other green infrastructure facilities. Ideally, all subdivisions and site plans subject to Borough approval should include the use of green stormwater infrastructure and continue to use non-structural best management practices (BMPs) identified in the NJ DEP Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual. In order to work towards a more resilient community and to preserve key natural resources within Little Silver, it is critical to have the stormwater infrastructure in place to prevent the polluting of local waterways from runoff containing toxic and harmful materials. These practices can also better prepare Little Silver for future threats, especially those identified by the 2021 Monmouth County Hazard Mitigation Plan such as hurricanes and nor’easters, flooding, wildfires, and dam failure. During Superstorm Sandy, Monmouth County municipalities experienced heavy stormwater runoff from excessive rain, storm surges, and nearby flooding of rivers, streams, and lakes, sometimes all three at once. Standing floodwater remained in neighborhoods for days. To improve infiltration of stormwater, Little Silver can implement stormwater management practices that aim to collect stormwater runoff onsite or create natural ways to get runoff back into the ground before it can cause erosion, flooding, and damage to habitats, property, and infrastructure (Monmouth County Master Plan – Chapter 12: p. 5). A major advantage of GSI is their feasibility, given this approach to resiliency can be implemented at any location by any level of government or individual. Property owners, for example, have the option to capture stormwater through rain gardens, vegetated rooftops, and/or rain barrels. This makes implementation at different levels of government much easier, and it helps mitigate future threats in the long term. Environmental sustainability Sustainability is considered a national policy of the U.S., “to create and maintain conditions under which humans and nature can exist in productive harmony, that permit fulfilling the social, economic, and other requirements of present and future generations.” It is possible to think of sustainability as focusing on People, Planet, and Profit where the emphasis is on the social, economic and environmental. This fulfillment of social, economic and other requirements has been further refined and known collectively as the three E’s or the triple bottom line: a stronger Economy, a healthier Environment, and a more Equitable community. Sustainability is important because it allows for healthier communities. It delivers results for cleaner soil, water, and air, ensures natural resources are not depleted, and overall, it ensures a nontoxic environment. Little Silver recognizes the importance of sustainability and its positive effects on its residents and on the natural environment. As part of its sustainability efforts, Little Silver became Sustainable Jersey bronze certified in 2017, and it has adopted a number of actions such as emergency communications planning, establishing a community garden, establishing walking trails, and adopting a Green Building and Sustainability Plan Element. Additionally, the Borough adopted an Environmental Resource Inventory (ERI) in June of 2020, which provides key information about Little Silver’s environmental resources. The report aims to provide baseline documentation for measuring and evaluating resource protection issues and serves as a references manual and resource on the environment of Little Silver for municipal official, potential Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 30 developers, planners, engineers, contractors, and other interested parties and residents (Borough of Little Silver, 2020 ERI, pg 1) . Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment On February 8, 2021, Governor Murphy signed into law an amendment to the Municipal Land Use Law (N.J.S.A. 40:55D-28) requiring any Land Use Plan element to include a Climate Change- Related Hazard Vulnerability Assessment. The Amendment shall rely on the most recent natural hazard projections and best available science provided by the N.J.D.E.P. The Assessment is required to include: 1. Analysis of current and future threats and vulnerabilities of the municipality associated with climate change related natural hazards, including increased temperatures, drought, flooding, hurricanes, and sea level rise. 2. A “Build-Out Analysis” of future development with an assessment of threats and vulnerabilities related to that development. 3. Identification of facilities, utilities, roadways, and infrastructure necessary for evacuation and sustaining quality of life during a natural disaster. Figure 9. Little Silver Creek Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 31 4. Potential impacts of natural hazards on components and elements of the Master Plan. 5. Strategies and design standards available to reduce or avoid risks associated with natural hazards. 6. A policy statement regarding consistency, coordination, and integration of the Vulnerability Assessment with various existing or proposed plans such as: • Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan • Floodplain Management Plan • Emergency Management Plan • Emergency Response Plan • Post-Disaster Recovery Plan Little Silver is a fully developed residential community from a land use standpoint, and it is located in the eastern portion of Monmouth County, along the Shrewsbury River and its tributaries, approximately five miles from the Atlantic Ocean. Due to its proximity to tidal waterways, the Borough is subject to coastal related natural hazards such as sea level rise and storm surge. Additionally, coastal storms like Nor’easters present a high impact hazard in the Borough due to their associated strong winds, heavy rain, snow, and flood hazards (Monmouth County 2021 HMP: p. 115). The 2021 Hazard Mitigation Plan found that there is a potential for a substantial increase in future hazard vulnerability under the existing conditions in Little Silver. The following are significant hazards identified to be a specific hazard of concern in the Borough of Little Silver: • Extreme temperatures • Extreme wind • Tornado • Lightning • Hurricane & tropical storm • Flood • Nor’easter • Storm surge • Tsunami • Coastal Erosion • Winter storm • Drought • Earthquake • Wildfire Monmouth County relies on the Priority Risk Index (PRI) to assist in gaining consensus on the determination of hazards that pose the most significant threat to the County based on a variety of factors. The final classification of risk for each hazard is based on three categories: High Risk (H), Moderate Risk (M) and Low Risk (L). Based on the PRI results for Monmouth County, the threats to Little Silver presenting the highest risk include hurricanes/tropical storms, storm surge, nor’easters, and flooding. Threats to the Borough that present moderate risk include extreme temperatures, extreme wind, tornado, winter storm, coastal erosion, and landslides (Monmouth County 2021 HMP: p. 371). Analysis of Current and Future Threats The following sections detail the Borough’s vulnerability to hazards such as increased Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 32 temperatures, drought, flooding, hurricanes and nor’easters, sea level rise, and storm surge. Increased temperatures/extreme heat and cold While it is not identified as one of the major threats to Little Silver according to the 2021 Monmouth County Hazard Mitigation Plan, addressing increased temperatures is a requirement of P.L.2021, c.6. According to the National Weather Service (NWS) temperatures that are significantly above normal are considered extreme temperatures. Extreme cold can range from near freezing temperatures in the southern United States to temperatures well below zero in the northern states. Similarly, extreme heat is typically recognized as the condition where temperatures consistently stay ten degrees or more above a region's average high temperature for an extended period. The extent of extremely cold temperatures is typically measured through the Wind Chill Temperature (WCT) Index, which provides a formula for calculating the dangers from winter winds and freezing temperatures (See Figure 10). Figure 10. NWS Wind Chill Index Source: https://www.weather.gov/safety/cold-wind-chill-chart The extent of extremely hot temperatures is typically measured through the Heat Index, which calculates the dangers from high relative humidity and extremely hot temperatures (See Figure 11). Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 33 Figure 11. NWS Heat Index Source: https://www.weather.gov/safety/heat-index According to NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, New Jersey’s annual average temperatures have increased by 3° over the past century, and it is predicted that heat waves will become more intense in the future. By 2050, the temperature is projected to increase 3°F to 5°F. In Monmouth County, there were over 90 days of recorded extreme heat events since May 1996, resulting in 301 injuries. The County Hazard Mitigation Plan, however, also points out that while the region is exposed to extreme temperatures, the existing buildings, infrastructure, and critical facilities are not considered vulnerable to significant damage caused by extreme heat or cold events. During increased/extreme temperature events, Little Silver creates cooling centers or warming centers at the Women’s Club, Library, Borough Hall, the Fire House, and Red Bank Regional as needed. However, many Borough residents have private generators, so the need for public centers is often minimal. Drought The Monmouth County Hazard Mitigation Plan describes droughts as prolonged periods of less than normal precipitation such that the lack of water causes a serious hydrologic imbalance. Agriculture suffers, wells can fail, reservoir levels fall, and water supplies can be threatened. NJDEP has divided New Jersey into six regions for the purpose of water supply monitoring and provides information about droughts based on a number of factors. Little Silver lies within the Coastal North Drought Region. While there are no impacts on buildings due to droughts, its impacts are mostly experienced in water shortages and crop losses on agricultural lands. These impacts have been experienced in Monmouth County, with 44 recorded instances of drought conditions between 1997 and 2019, Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 34 causing significant losses to agricultural crops (Monmouth County 2021 HMP: p. 263). In Little Silver, agricultural uses cover approximately 0.76% of the Borough’s total acreage, which can be threatened by drought conditions. According to the Monmouth County HMP, while heavy precipitation events are to increase with changing climate conditions, longer dry spells are also predicted to occur (HMP: p. 265). Little Silver has experienced a 56% increase in agricultural land between 2002 and 2015 due to the transition of property from residential to orchard/vineyards along Seven Bridges Road. Mitigation efforts to conserve valuable natural resources such as crop land and water can include moratoriums on watering of lawns and washing of cars among other non-essential uses. Setting up of water conservation tactics such as rain collection systems are another way of ensuring efficacy in water usage. Flooding and Sea Level Rise Flooding is caused by the accumulation of water within a water body which results in the overflow of excess water onto adjacent lands, usually floodplains. The floodplain is the land adjoining the channel of a river, stream, ocean, lake or other watercourse or water body that is susceptible to flooding (Monmouth County 2021 HMP: p. 126). One of the best resources for determining flood risk in a jurisdiction are Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs), which are produced by FEMA. The FIRM is the official map of a community on which FEMA has delineated both the special flood hazard areas (1% annual chance of flooding) and the risk premium zones applicable to the jurisdiction. According to the 2021 Monmouth County Hazard Mitigation Plan (2021 HMP), it is estimated that nearly 10% of lands within Monmouth County are located in the 100-year floodplain. As for Little Silver, the Borough has a total of 452.74 acres (22.2% of the land area) within a special flood hazard area, where 17.0% is located within a Zone A and less than 1.0% is located within a Zone VE (see Figure X). Zone A represents areas subject to inundation by the 1% annual chance flood event (also known as the base flood or 100-year floodplain). Currently zero (0) critical facilities are within a special flood hazard area and 10.6% (254) of all buildings in the Borough are located within a special flood hazard area. Additionally, three (3) historic and cultural resources within Little Silver, accounting for 7% of the Borough’s historic and cultural resources, are at risk of flooding due to 3 ft. of sea level rise. Flooding in Little Silver occurs mostly due to heavy rains and a high-water table. During major storm events, flooding occurs due to high tides and winds pushing water up the river. Areas of Little Silver prone to flooding include Seven Bridges Road, Breezy Point Road, Rivers Edge Drive, Carriage House Lane, Winding Way, Lippincott Road, Paag Lane, and Queens Drive South. Another potential indicator of the damage that could occur as the result of flooding events is to review the number of FEMA repetitive loss (RL) and severe repetitive loss (SRL) properties and the cumulative amount of money paid out for flood damaged properties. FEMA defines RL property as any insurable building for which two or more claims of more than $1,000 were paid by the NFIP within any rolling 10-year period, since 1978. A RL property may or may not be currently insured by the NFIP. FEMA defines a Severe Repetitive Loss (SRL) property as a residential property that is covered under an NFIP flood insurance policy and: (a) that has at least four NFIP claim payments (including building and contents) over $5,000 each, and the cumulative amount of such claims payments exceeds $20,000; or (b) for which at least two separate claims payments (building payments only) have been made with the cumulative amount of the building Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 35 portion of such claims exceeding the market value of the building; and (c) for both (a) and (b), at least two of the referenced claims must have occurred within any ten- year period, and must be greater than 10 days apart. As of the 2021 Monmouth County HMP, Little Silver had 336 NFIP policies in force and has had a total of 394 loss claims. There are 24 repetitive loss properties in the Borough, and one (1) severe repetitive loss property. The amount paid to those repetitive loss and severe repetitive loss properties has been $5,254,774 (Monmouth County 2021 HMP p. 140). Little Silver has been working to encourage repetitive loss and severe repetitive loss properties to update the structures and come into compliance with the Borough’s flood damage prevention ordinance, hopefully reducing the number of future losses. The probability of future flooding events in the Monmouth County are high, given the frequency of intense precipitation events in the County is expected to increase with climate change. This is likely to result in more riverine and flash flooding events. To mitigate these hazards in the future, Little Silver can rely on good floodplain management, which is the operation of a community program of corrective and preventative measures for reducing flood damage. Community involvement is an important element in making flood insurance available to home and business owners. These measures may include zoning, subdivision, or building requirements, and special- purpose floodplain ordinances. Riparian buffer and wetlands protection regulations and ordinances can also reduce flood damage by protecting those areas most susceptible to flooding and providing natural flood control. Little Silver has adopted a FEMA approved flood damage prevention ordinance and is a participant in the National Flood Insurance Program. Hurricanes and Nor’easters Tropical storms and hurricanes can contribute significant rainfall and cause flooding, with the added dynamic of high wind. Monmouth County has a history of hurricanes and tropical storms, with five (5) tropical storms that have traversed directly through the County since 1850 (see Table 14) (Monmouth County 2021 HMP p. 99). TABLE 14: Hurricane and Tropical Storm Tracks Directly over Monmouth County Since 1850 Date Storm Name Maximum Wind Speed (mph) Storm Category 7/30/1960 Brenda 50 Tropical Storm 8/28/1971 Doria 60 Tropical Storm 7/13/1996 Bertha 70 Tropical Storm 9/6/2008 Hanna 45 Tropical Storm 8/28/2011 Irene 65 Tropical Storm As of today, post-tropical, Superstorm Sandy (October 28-30, 2012) was the costliest natural disaster in New Jersey, and the hardest hit areas were the coastal regions of Monmouth and Ocean Counties. Ten (10) days prior to the storm, eastern Monmouth County had received over two inches of rain in a 24-hour period. Sandy then delivered heavy rain, a record coastal storm surge and hurricane-force wind gusts. Some of the highest wind speeds recorded during that event were in Monmouth County (ERI p. 17). NOAA and NJ Flood Mapper provide maps illustrating the impacts of flooding from different Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 36 category storm events. During a category 1 storm event, 0-3 ft. of flooding would occur along Little Silver Point Road, Seven Bridges Road, Oakes Road, Breezy Point Rad, and inland to Willow Road. In all areas bordering the Borough’s rivers and streams, flooding would reach 3-6 ft. in height, with flooding in the area of Little Silver Creek reaching 6-9 ft. in height. During a category 2 storm event, flooding would occur along all areas of the Shrewsbury River and its tributaries. In the area of Little Silver Creek, flood heights would reach greater than 9 ft., and flooding would follow the creek to the western extent of the Borough. Areas east of Seven Bridges Road would see flooding in excess of 3 ft. During a category 3 storm event, all water adjacent areas would see flood heights greater than 9 ft., with flooding along Little Silver Creek reaching levels greater than 9 ft., as far west as Branch Avenue. During a category 4 storm event, flooding would increase past the levels previously discussed, with water levels along Little Silver Creek reaching 9 ft. or greater to the western extent of the Borough. The probability of future hurricane and tropical storm events for Monmouth County is high, and the frequency and intensity of coastal storms and severe weather events is also expected to increase in the future due to climate change. Little Silver addresses these future threats in their mitigation strategies, which have been included as part of the Monmouth County Hazard Mitigation Plan. Their efforts include acquiring, elevating, or relocating buildings and infrastructure in flood prone areas, improving stormwater runoff and drainage, and repairing outfall pipes. These mitigation efforts not only address hurricanes, nor’easters, and tropical storms, but also flooding impacts from riverine and urban (stormwater) flooding. BRANCH AVE PROSPECT AVE RUMSON RD SEVEN BRIDGES RD WHITE RD LITTLE SILVER POINT RD SILVERSIDE AVE WILLOW DR BIRCH AVE KINGS RD HARDING RD QUEENS DR MARKHAM PL PAAG LN MAPLE AVE CHURCH ST MITCHELL PL LAUREL DR WOODBINE AVE JUDITH RD SALEM LN SILVERTON AVE VISTA DR WINDING WAY LOVETT AVE RIVERVIEW AVE LIPPINCOTT RD PINE DR WINDSOR DR PINCKNEY RD AMELIA CIR ESSEX DR HARRISON AVE PARKER AVE MANSON PL TABOR ST QUEENS DR S SOUTHVALE AVE FOX HILL DR ALWIN TER AYRES LN WINDING WAY S FAIRVIEW AVE EASTBORNE DR CREST DR N LOVETT AVE LAURELWOOD DR GRANT PL WESTWOOD RD HICKORY LN HASLER LN CAROLYN RD N MITCHELL PL STANDISH RD PRINCE PL OAKES RD HOLLY DR BROOK AVE OLD FARM LN LISA CT EDGEWOOD AVE BORDEN PL SPRING ST Rumson Borough Shrewsbury Borough Oceanport Borough Red Bank Borough Fair Haven Borough Monmouth Beach Borough Tinton Falls Borough Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and the GIS User Community FEMA FIRMs Borough of Little Silver Monmouth County, New Jersey Source: Monmouth County GIS, NJDEP, NJGIS, USDA NRCS, and ESRI LEON S. AVAKIAN, Inc. Consulting Engineers 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 0.125 Miles ± Date Saved: 6/27/2022 This map was developed using New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Geographic Information System digital data, but this secondary product has not been verified by NJDEP and is not state-authorized or endorsed. Legend Flood Zone AE A 0.2 PCT ANNUAL CHANCE FLOOD HAZARD LiMWA Municipal Boundary BRANCH AVE PROSPECT AVE RUMSON RD SEVEN BRIDGES RD WHITE RD LITTLE SILVER POINT RD SILVERSIDE AVE WILLOW DR BIRCH AVE KINGS RD HARDING RD QUEENS DR MARKHAM PL PAAG LN MAPLE AVE CHURCH ST MITCHELL PL LAUREL DR WOODBINE AVE JUDITH RD SALEM LN SILVERTON AVE VISTA DR WINDING WAY LOVETT AVE RIVERVIEW AVE LIPPINCOTT RD PINE DR WINDSOR DR PINCKNEY RD AMELIA CIR ESSEX DR HARRISON AVE PARKER AVE MANSON PL TABOR ST QUEENS DR S SOUTHVALE AVE FOX HILL DR ALWIN TER AYRES LN WINDING WAY S FAIRVIEW AVE EASTBORNE DR CREST DR N LOVETT AVE LAURELWOOD DR GRANT PL WESTWOOD RD HICKORY LN HASLER LN CAROLYN RD N MITCHELL PL STANDISH RD PRINCE PL OAKES RD HOLLY DR BROOK AVE OLD FARM LN LISA CT EDGEWOOD AVE BORDEN PL SPRING ST Rumson Borough Shrewsbury Borough Oceanport Borough Red Bank Borough Fair Haven Borough Monmouth Beach Borough Tinton Falls Borough Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and the GIS User Community Predicated Category 4 Storm Surge Borough of Little Silver Monmouth County, New Jersey Source: Monmouth County GIS, NJDEP, NJGIS, USDA NRCS, and ESRI LEON S. AVAKIAN, Inc. Consulting Engineers 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 0.125 Miles ± Date Saved: 6/29/2022 This map was developed using New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Geographic Information System digital data, but this secondary product has not been verified by NJDEP and is not state-authorized or endorsed. Legend Municipal Boundary Storm Surge SLOSH Category 4 Depth of water above ground 0 - 3 feet 3 - 6 feet 6 - 9 feet > 9 feet Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 39 Build-out analysis Development trends The Borough of Little Silver is a fully developed residential community. Based on NJDEP data, the Borough has 54 acres of vacant land. According to the Monmouth County HMP, Little Silver has seen predominantly greenfield development, infill, and redevelopment, and has 93 undeveloped parcels. It is important to consider, however, the Borough’s goals of promoting a balanced variety of residential, commercial, recreational, public and conservation land uses and promoting the preservation of natural resources and environmentally sensitive areas. Since 2000, the Borough has seen building permits issued for 255 new residential units, most of these in 1 & 2 family structures with one (1) multifamily structure built and two (2) mixed use developments. The development trends highlight the predominantly single-family nature of the Borough (see Table 15). TABLE 15: Housing Units Authorized by Building Permits Housing Units Authorized by Building Permits Little Silver, Monmouth County, New Jersey Year 1&2 Family Multifamily Mixed use Total 2000* 5 2001* 3 2002* 8 2003* 9 2004 10 - - 10 2005 23 - - 23 2006 10 - - 10 2007 13 - - 13 2008 13 - - 13 2009 18 - - 18 2010 4 - - 4 2011 10 - - 10 2012 7 - - 7 2013 34 - 2 36 2014 17 1 - 18 2015 40 - - 40 2016 5 - - 5 2017 10 - - 10 2018 7 - - 7 2019 2 - - 2 2020 4 - - 4 Total 227 1 2 255 *prior to 2004, units were not broken down by type. Source: State of New Jersey Department of Community Affairs Building Permits: Yearly Summary Data Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 40 Build-out analysis When considering potentially new construction, the Borough should also consider the total acres located in hazard areas and their effect in Little Silver’s future development trends. Of the 54 acres of potentially developable undeveloped parcels, 21 acres (0.385%) are within flood hazard areas and 47 acres (87.60%) are within storm surge hazard areas (Monmouth County 2021 HMP p.164, 185,). Identification of facilities, utilities, roadways, and infrastructure necessary for evacuation and sustaining quality of life during a natural disaster Evacuation routes The Homeland Infrastructure Foundation Level Data (HIFLD) by the Department of Homeland Security displays the locations of hurricane evacuation routes, and they have identified Rumson Road as the main evacuation route from the Borough of Little Silver (see Figure 14). Monmouth County Office of Emergency Management has implemented a public education campaign that began in 2016 called “Know Your Zone,” which informs residents, businesses, and visitors of the county of the new hurricane evacuation zones and their vulnerability to storm surge (Monmouth County 2021 HMP p. 409). The campaign also delineates the designated hurricane evacuation routes, which are depicted in Figure 14. These evacuation routes focus primarily on the more coastal and low-lying communities in the eastern half of the County due to their higher vulnerability to sea level rise, flooding and storm-related events. Given Little Silver’s vulnerability to flooding, it is important for local roadways to be clearly directed to the designated evacuation routes in Monmouth County. Critical Facilities Monmouth County identifies a number of assets in hazard areas, including critical facilities, critical infrastructure and utilities, and historic and cultural resources. Critical facilities include emergency operations centers (EOCs), fire stations, police stations, hospitals, childcare facilities, senior care facilities, and schools (including schools that serve as Red Cross shelters). Critical infrastructure and utilities include airports, ferry ports, potable water treatment facilities, wastewater treatment facilities and municipal public works buildings. Little Silver has one (1) critical infrastructure identified, and a total of ten (10) critical facilities. In terms of historic and cultural resources, the Borough has a total of 26 historic properties and 15 cultural resources identified (Monmouth County 2021 HMP: p. 84). BRANCH AVE PROSPECT AVE RUMSON RD SEVEN BRIDGES RD WHITE RD LITTLE SILVER POINT RD SILVERSIDE AVE WILLOW DR BIRCH AVE KINGS RD HARDING RD QUEENS DR MARKHAM PL PAAG LN MAPLE AVE CHURCH ST MITCHELL PL LAUREL DR WOODBINE AVE JUDITH RD SALEM LN SILVERTON AVE VISTA DR WINDING WAY LOVETT AVE RIVERVIEW AVE LIPPINCOTT RD PINE DR WINDSOR DR PINCKNEY RD AMELIA CIR ESSEX DR HARRISON AVE PARKER AVE MANSON PL TABOR ST QUEENS DR S SOUTHVALE AVE FOX HILL DR ALWIN TER AYRES LN WINDING WAY S FAIRVIEW AVE EASTBORNE DR CREST DR N LOVETT AVE LAURELWOOD DR GRANT PL WESTWOOD RD HICKORY LN HASLER LN CAROLYN RD N MITCHELL PL STANDISH RD PRINCE PL OAKES RD HOLLY DR BROOK AVE OLD FARM LN LISA CT EDGEWOOD AVE BORDEN PL SPRING ST Rumson Borough Shrewsbury Borough Oceanport Borough Red Bank Borough Fair Haven Borough Monmouth Beach Borough Tinton Falls Borough Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and the GIS User Community Evacuation Routes & Critical Facilities Borough of Little Silver Monmouth County, New Jersey Source: Monmouth County GIS, NJDEP, NJGIS, USDA NRCS, and ESRI LEON S. AVAKIAN, Inc. Consulting Engineers 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 0.125 Miles ± Date Saved: 6/29/2022 This map was developed using New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Geographic Information System digital data, but this secondary product has not been verified by NJDEP and is not state-authorized or endorsed. Legend NJ Hurricane Evacuation Routes Gas Service Stations of New Jersey !Q Emergency Shelters 3 Schools ²µ CriticalFacilities CellTowerSites Flood Zone AE A 0.2 PCT ANNUAL CHANCE FLOOD HAZARD LiMWA Municipal Boundary Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 42 The following are some of the critical facilities identified in Little Silver: TABLE 16: Critical Facilities Facility Address Little Silver Volunteer Fire Co. #1 534 Prospect Avenue Little Silver Rescue Squad 543 Prospect Avenue Little Silver Police Department 480 Prospect Avenue Point Road Elementary School Little Silver Point Road Markham Place Elementary School Markham Place Vincent S Mastro Montessori Academy 36 Birch Avenue Red Bank Regional High School 101 Ridge Road Potential emergency services The Homeland Infrastructure Foundation – Level Data (HIFLD) is a subcommittee within the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) that is responsible for collecting geospatial data from all levels of government, processing it for uniformity and quality, and sharing with the end user. According to the emergency shelter data, there is one (1) location within Little Silver, Red Bank Regional High School, that is identified as a potential shelter in case of emergency. These are facilities identified by either FEMA or the American Red Cross as places that can potentially house people in case of a disaster or emergency. Gas Stations Gas service stations are an important resource in case of power outage and during other emergency events. There are two (2) gas stations in the Borough of Little Silver. Both gas stations are located near the intersection of Branch Avenue and Sycamore Avenue. Potential impacts of natural hazards on components and elements of the Master Plan The Borough of Little Silver intends to promote development and redevelopment projects that are located in safe areas, especially away from the hazard areas identified within developable undeveloped parcels. Strategies and recommendations available to reduce or avoid risks associated with natural hazards This section contains the strategies and recommendations intended to reduce or avoid risks associated with natural hazards. A total of nine (9) recommendations were identified by the Borough of Little Silver in 2020 as part of their local mitigation plan. Refer to Appendix Volume I.26 of the 2021 Monmouth County Hazard Mitigation Plan for the mitigation strategies for the Borough. They are as follows: 1. Improve stormwater runoff and drainage by upgrading infrastructure and clean streams, 2. Acquire, elevate, or relocate buildings and infrastructure in flood prone areas, with a focus on Repetitive Loss (RL) and Severe Repetitive Loss (SRL) properties, 3. Repair outfall drainage pipe and install tide flex valve, 4. Install a regional dyke structure along the Sandy Hook Inlet, 5. Purchase and install generators for critical facilities, Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 43 6. Target hardening critical facilities by installing surveillance cameras, panic buttons, and/or bulletproof glass, 7. Improve communications between police officers, 8. Elevate Seven Bridges Rd. above the flood zone, and 9. Purchase tree trimming equipment. A policy statement regarding consistency, coordination, and integration of the Vulnerability Assessment with various existing or proposed plans Little Silver participated in Monmouth County’s 2021 Hazard Mitigation Plan. It is the Borough’s intention to continue to prepare for future hazards in a manner consistent with the 2021 HMP. This Land Use Element is intended to be consistent with and effectuate the Monmouth County 2021 HMP. Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 44 References Monmouth County (2016). Monmouth County Master Plan: Chapter 12 Community Resiliency. Retrieved from https://www.co.monmouth.nj.us/documents/24/MP%20-%20Chapter%2012%20- %201.pdf Michael Baker International, Inc. (2021). Multi-Jurisdictional Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan: Chapter 4 Risk Assessment prepared for Monmouth County, NJ. Retrieved from https://www.mcsonj.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/4_Risk_Assessment.pdf Saiber LLC (2021). New Jersey Department of Community Affairs Publishes the Model Electric Vehicle Charging Station Ordinance. JD Supra. https://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/new-jersey- department-of-community-5905073/ Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 45 CIRCULATION ELEMENT The Circulation Element describes the movement of people and goods withing and through the Borough. It examines the street network, sidewalks, and pathways that provide mobility for residents, commuters, and business owners. Travel patterns withing Little Silver reflect its location along the NJ Transit North Jersey Coastline and proximity to the Garden State Parkway, allowing for easy commuting access to New York City. To develop recommendations for future improvements to the circulation system, the existing transportation system must be assessed. This assessment is accomplished through an evaluation and update of the information provided in the past master plans and re-examination reports. The Circulation Element describes the street networks, public transportation, railroads, and pedestrian networks, as well as recommendations for new connections. Goals & Objectives The goals and objectives of the Circulation Plan Element are as follows: 1. Foster convenient, efficient and safe movement of people and goods within and throughout the Borough as well as to destinations outside of the community. 2. Provide appropriate access to the different uses of land and improve economic opportunities for residents. 3. Encourage pedestrian friendly communities. 4. Provide a means of economical, efficient and energy reduced transportation within the Borough. 5. Support alternative methods of transportation including pedestrian, vehicular, bicycle and mass transit. 6. Upgrade existing roads, drainage and applicable design standards where appropriate, when funding is available. 7. Establish an on-going process to identify and implement needed capital improvements that adequately develop, enhance, and maintain Borough streets, drainage and circulation facilities and to provide barrier free design for the disabled. 8. Encourage and support the use, enhancement and improvement of public transportation and its related facilities. 9. Support the establishment and use of pedestrian corridors and bikeways (where appropriate), including bicycle paths and/or lanes, that link residential neighborhoods with community facilities, parks, school, scenic corridors, commercial areas and public transportation routes where appropriate. 10. Incorporate design guidelines (where appropriate) into the public streetscape through features such as, but not limited to landscaping, ornamental street lampposts and fixtures and signage. 11. Coordinate with local, State and Federal entities to evaluate and improve coastal evacuation routes. 12. Identify areas of the Borough for improved sidewalk and pedestrian circulation. Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 46 13. Create sidewalk networks and promote traffic devices and designs, when funds are available. Enhance walkability through appropriate designs. 14. Continue to evaluate the traffic and parking patterns within the Borough Recommendations: 1. Create a network of bike and pedestrian paths linking the Borough parks, open spaces, and recreational facilities. Roadway Network The Borough of Little Silver contains approximately 35 miles of roads, approximately 8 miles of which are County roads. A network of County roads such as County Route 11 (Branch Ave), Route 13A (Sycamore Ave), Route 13B (Willow Dr), Route 33 (Seven Bridges Rd), Route 34 (Harding Rd), and Route 520 (Rumson Rd) provide good roadway service within the Township and between nearby towns. Roadway Classification A roadway classification system is necessary to develop standards for road right-of-way widths, improvements, and land use. Efficient and safe operation of the system requires that roads be designed to serve a specific purpose within the street hierarchy. For example, freeways carry no local traffic while cul-de-sacs carry no through traffic. Access control ranges from complete control in the case of a freeway to minimal control in the case of a cul-de-sac. Classification of roadways should be made according to the function of the roadway which in turn is usually related to the amount of traffic the roadway carries. There are currently eight (8) Minor arterial roads and three (3) Collector roads in the Borough of Little Silver, with the remainder being Local roads. Minor Arterial Roads interconnect and augment the major arterial system. Operating speeds and service levels are lower than major arterials. These should be excluded from identifiable residential neighborhoods. Collector Roads provide both land access and movement within residential, commercial, and industrial areas. These penetrate but should not continue through residential areas. Lastly, Local Roads provide land access and can exist in any land use setting. Movement is incidental and involves travel to and from a collector facility. Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 47 BRANCH AVE PROSPECT AVE RUMSON RD SEVEN BRIDGES RD WHITE RD LITTLE SILVER POINT RD SILVERSIDE AVE WILLOW DR BIRCH AVE KINGS RD HARDING RD QUEENS DR MARKHAM PL PAAG LN MAPLE AVE CHURCH ST MITCHELL PL LAUREL DR WOODBINE AVE JUDITH RD SALEM LN SILVERTON AVE VISTA DR WINDING WAY LOVETT AVE RIVERVIEW AVE LIPPINCOTT RD PINE DR WINDSOR DR PINCKNEY RD AMELIA CIR ESSEX DR HARRISON AVE PARKER AVE MANSON PL TABOR ST QUEENS DR S SOUTHVALE AVE FOX HILL DR ALWIN TER AYRES LN WINDING WAY S FAIRVIEW AVE EASTBORNE DR CREST DR LAURIE LN LAURELWOOD DR GRANT PL WESTWOOD RD HICKORY LN CAROLYN RD N MITCHELL PL STANDISH RD PRINCE PL OAKES RD CONOVER PL HOLLY DR RUMSON PL BROOK AVE OLD FARM LN PAAG CIR SILVERWHITE RD LISA CT EDGEWOOD AVE S SUNNYCREST DR BORDEN PL RIVERS EDGE DR SPRING ST CIRCLE LN CARLILE TER RUDDY CT Rumson Borough Shrewsbury Borough Oceanport Borough Red Bank Borough Monmouth Beach Borough Fair Haven Borough Tinton Falls Borough Long Branch Legend Minor Arterial Collector Local Road Source: Monmouth County GIS, NJDOT, NJGIS, and ESRI Date Saved: 6/29/2022 Road Classification Map Borough of Little Silver Monmouth County, New Jersey LEON S. AVAKIAN, Inc. Consulting Engineers ± This map was developed using New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Geographic Information System digital data, but this secondary product has not been verified by NJDEP and is not state-authorized or endorsed. 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 0.125 Miles BRANCH AVE PROSPECT AVE RUMSON RD SEVEN BRIDGES RD WHITE RD LITTLE SILVER POINT RD SILVERSIDE AVE WILLOW DR BIRCH AVE KINGS RD HARDING RD QUEENS DR MARKHAM PL PAAG LN MAPLE AVE CHURCH ST MITCHELL PL LAUREL DR WOODBINE AVE JUDITH RD SALEM LN SILVERTON AVE VISTA DR WINDING WAY LOVETT AVE RIVERVIEW AVE LIPPINCOTT RD PINE DR WINDSOR DR PINCKNEY RD AMELIA CIR ESSEX DR HARRISON AVE PARKER AVE MANSON PL TABOR ST QUEENS DR S SOUTHVALE AVE FOX HILL DR ALWIN TER AYRES LN WINDING WAY S FAIRVIEW AVE EASTBORNE DR CREST DR LAURIE LN LAURELWOOD DR GRANT PL WESTWOOD RD HICKORY LN CAROLYN RD N MITCHELL PL STANDISH RD PRINCE PL OAKES RD CONOVER PL HOLLY DR RUMSON PL BROOK AVE OLD FARM LN PAAG CIR SILVERWHITE RD LISA CT EDGEWOOD AVE S SUNNYCREST DR BORDEN PL RIVERS EDGE DR SPRING ST CIRCLE LN CARLILE TER RUDDY CT Rumson Borough Shrewsbury Borough Oceanport Borough Red Bank Borough Monmouth Beach Borough Fair Haven Borough Tinton Falls Borough Long Branch Legend Bus Stops n¤ Train Station Train Route Bus Routes Source: Monmouth County GIS, NJDOT, NJGIS, and ESRI Date Saved: 6/29/2022 Public Transit Borough of Little Silver Monmouth County, New Jersey LEON S. AVAKIAN, Inc. Consulting Engineers ± This map was developed using New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Geographic Information System digital data, but this secondary product has not been verified by NJDEP and is not state-authorized or endorsed. 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 0.125 Miles Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 50 TABLE 17: Functional Classification Roads Classification Road Name Jurisdiction Minor Arterial Branch Ave County Church St Township Oceanport Ave Township Pinckney Road Township Ridge Rd Township Rumson Rd County Sycamore Ave County Willow Dr County Collector Seven Bridges Rd County Silverside Ave Township White Rd Township Road Safety Analysis Severity Crash data was obtained from NJDOT’s Safety Voyager to identify high-crash locations across all modes of travel. A total of 985 crashes occurred in Little Silver between 2015 and 2021, which includes a total of 19 bicycle/pedestrian crashes. Primary Accident Locations Crashes, particularly the most severe crashes, were concentrated along Little Silver’s major roads. Using the geocoded crash location data from NJDOT’s Safety Voyager Database, specific intersections with multiple crashes (hotspots) were identified. In the Borough, a total of 302 crashes occurred at an intersection between 2015-2021, which accounts for approximately 30.7% of all crashes between 2015 and 2021. As shown in Table 18, there are ten (10) intersections in the Borough with a high number of accidents. The most problematic intersection is Branch Ave and Sycamore Ave/Willow Dr, with 30 crashes between 2015 and 2021. Additionally, several of the intersections with the highest number of crashes involves Branch Ave, totaling 81 crashes. TABLE 18: Problem Intersections Intersection Total Crashes (2015-2021) 1. Branch Ave & Sycamore Ave/Willow Dr 30 2. Oceanport Ave & Silverside Ave 24 3. Seven Bridges Road & Rumson Road 18 4. Branch Ave & Pickney Road 17 5. Seven Bridges Road & Silverside Ave 15 6. Harding Road & Rumson Road 14 7. Branch Ave & Markham Place 13 8. Branch Ave & White Road 11 9. Branch Ave & Rumson Road 10 10. Seven Bridges Road & Little Silver Point Road 10 Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 51 While a number of problem intersections with a high number of crashes involve Branch Ave (County Route 11), the focus of this Circulation Element is on intersections that include Township roadways, given the Township will have the most control over these and will be able to gather the necessary information and data to determine where improvements are necessary. Bicycle and Pedestrian Conditions In July of 2010, Monmouth County adopted Resolution No. 10-592, which established a Complete Streets Policy to provide safe access for all users by designating and operating a comprehensive, integrated, connected multi-modal networks of transportation options (NJ BPRC 2022). In the future, the Borough of Little Silver can explore adopting a complete streets policy at the local level that establishes specific goals and objectives adapted towards the character of the Borough and that address the needs of its residents. It is also recommended that when Borough streets are redesigned and/or reconstructed, and when new streets are constructed, every opportunity should be explored to provide designated, safe areas on shoulders for bicycle and pedestrian traffic. Parking Parking is an issue affecting circulation patterns in Little Silver. While the Borough should continue efforts to make parking available, it should also consider the negative effects of parking, such as land consumption, increase of impervious surfaces, congestion, and visual, financial, and fiscal impacts. Additionally, the Borough should consider the future changes in automobile ownership trends as well as the rise of car share services when determining parking demands for development and redevelopment projects in Little Silver. Among future considerations is the location of electric vehicle (EV) charging stations in new and existing parking areas. The New Jersey Department of Community Affairs published an Electric Vehicle Charging Station Ordinance in September of 2021, which will help guide municipalities across the state to provide charging services to electric vehicles.6 It is recommended that Little Silver consider adopting such ordinance to incentivize installing publicly accessible fast charging stations for electric vehicles in key locations such as the train station and other general parking areas. 6 New Jersey Department of Community Affairs Publishes the Model Electric Vehicle Charging Station Ordinance. JD Supra. Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 52 UTILITY SERVICE PLAN ELEMENT Introduction Utility services play a critical role in shaping the future growth of a municipality. The purpose of the Utility Service Plan Element is to ensure the existence of adequate infrastructure for the present and projected population of Little Silver Borough, without adversely affecting the environment or the community’s quality of life. Although the Utility Service Plan is not a mandatory Master Plan element, the Municipal Land Use Law (40:55D-28b(5)) describes the elements of a Utility Service Plan as follows: A utility service plan element analyzing the need for and showing the future general location of water supply and distribution facilities, drainage and flood control facilities, sewerage and waste treatment, solid waste disposal and provision for other related utilities, and including any storm water management plan required pursuant to the provisions of P.L.1981, c.32 (C.40:55D-93 et al.). This Utility Service Plan will review background data and assess current conditions to establish a baseline set of conditions for the utilities that are currently serving the Borough of Little Silver. This plan should be used as a general guide when determining the future needs and provisions of utility services. Utility Service Goals and Objectives The goals of the Utility Plan Element are to: 1. Continue to ensure that water, wastewater, electricity, natural gas, Internet and telecommunications services are reliable and of the highest quality to the maximum extent practicable. 2. Balance utility expansion with the goals for preserving open space, conserving natural resources, and protecting community character. 3. Continue to ensure that all Little Silver residents and businesses have a reliable source of clean, safe drinking water. 4. The provision of sanitary sewer infrastructure should be consistent with the Borough’s Wastewater Management Plan, ensuring consistency with Monmouth County’s overall Wastewater Management Plan as directed by the County and the NJDEP. 5. Encourage the protection groundwater and surface water resources from potential contamination as a result of sedimentation and pollutants carried by stormwater through street drains, detention basin outflows and streambed scouring, and also as a result of wastewater disposal systems. 6. Continue to improve infrastructure throughout the Borough to minimize flooding. 7. Encourage the underground installation of above-ground utilities, wherever possible. 8. Promote an attractive visual environment in Little Silver through the identification of appropriate locations for future utility installations as well as ensuring appropriate screening for above-ground utilities. 9. Encourage public and private actions that will conserve the Borough’s nonrenewable energy resources. 10. Promote and advance the integration of green technologies into the Borough’s land use planning and building construction process. Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 53 11. Encourage the protection of the integrity of the Borough’s public water supply including storage, treatment, and distribution systems. 12. Encourage the development of high technology infrastructure including fiber optic data transmission lines, digital switching stations, telecommunication facilities and high-speed Internet access. 13. Promote and advance the integration of green technologies into the Borough’s Land Use planning and building construction process. Solid Waste Disposal Little Silver provides twice weekly waste collection to residences. Bulk collection is always the second pick-up of the week. Waste disposal is handled by the Monmouth County Reclamation Facility on Asbury Avenue in Tinton Falls. Little Silver provides single-stream recycling pick up every other week. Bottles, cans, plastic, newspaper, small cardboard, and mixed paper are permitted to be placed in the same container for pick-up. The Borough’s recycling center is located at the Borough Garage on Fairview Avenue. Brush and leaves placed at the curb are also collected by the Department of Public Works, based on a distributed schedule. Water Service Water is provided throughout the Borough of Little Silver by New Jersey American Water. New Jersey American receives 98% of its water supplies from surface water sources including the Swimming River Reservoir, the Manasquan River and Reservoir, the Shark River and the Glendola Reservoir. Little Silver residents receive their water primarily from the Swimming River Reservoir, an on-stream reservoir on the Swimming River in Lincroft. It has a storage capacity of approximately 2.2 billion gallons and, according to the United States Geological Survey, has a watershed covering 48.5 square miles in Holmdel, Colts Neck, Marlboro, Lincroft, and a very small portion of Freehold and Aberdeen. New Jersey American also has the capability to supply residents in Little Silver with water from the Manasquan and Shark Rivers. The Manasquan River is a water source administered by New Jersey Water Supply Authority, which will sell a specified amount of untreated water to New Jersey American. Shark River and Jumping Brook have a combined watershed of 16 square miles. New Jersey American Water meets all standards of the Safe Drinking Water Act and treats the water supply for pollutants such as bacteria, nitrates, and hydrocarbons. Bacteria are present in raw water but treated in the purification process. Other bacteria live in the distribution system and are a problem for all water service providers in the United States; raw water data is available from the water company. Nitrates enter the water as part of storm water run-off from the use of fertilizers on lawns and landscaping and from septic systems. Nitrates in water necessitate an increase in the use of chlorine, chemical treatment costs and disposal costs of residuals. New Jersey American also routinely tests for radon and lead. Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that comes from the natural (radioactive) breakdown the element uranium in soil, rock and water. Lead leaches into water from household plumbing in homes built during a period when lead was a component of solder. There is a need in Monmouth County for better watershed protection and a greater awareness on the part of the public of the role it plays in determining the quality of the water, particularly since Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 54 so much of the rapid development of the 1980's has taken place in critical watershed areas of potable water sources. Sanitary Sewer The entirety of the Borough of Little Silver is located in the northeast Monmouth County Regional Sewer Area and is served by the Two Rivers Water Reclamation Authority Sewage Treatment Plant in Monmouth Beach. Natural Gas Natural gas services is provided by the New Jersey Natural Gas Company (NJNG). Electricity Electricity is provided throughout the Borough of Little Silver by Jersey Central Power & Light (JCP&L). Stormwater Storm drainage is provided by a series of collector pipes which discharge into Little Silver, Town Neck and Parkers Creeks which ultimately discharge to the Shrewsbury River. Local flooding occurs around these creeks during high concentration rainfalls, which are characteristic of infrequent heavy storms. Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 55 COMMUNITY FACILITIES ELEMENT Introduction Community facilities are those buildings and services that provide support to the general public. Although community facilities are often provided by public entities, many times private and semi- private organizations also offer services to the general public. The Community Facilities Element is concerned with the current and future capacity of community facilities to serve the citizens of the Borough. In many ways, the quantity and quality of community facilities in a Borough is the most visible aspect of Borough government. The presence or absence of high-quality community facilities has a direct influence on where people will choose to live, shop and locate a business. This element of the Master Plan serves to provide the framework for understanding the extent of public facilities and services offered in Little Silver Borough and how those facilities and services may be used and upgraded as a resource that improves the quality of life for current residents and businesses, while supporting future economic development efforts. Goals and Objectives The following are the Goals and Objectives of the Community Facilities Plan Element: 1. Provide community facilities and services that protect the health, safety and welfare of the community and maintain a high quality of life for Little Silver residents. 2. Provide community facilities and services at appropriate and convenient locations that best serve current and future residents of Little Silver. 3. Continue to seek funding opportunities that will enable the Borough to update the equipment used by emergency personnel where necessary or mandated by law. 4. Encourage the continued expansion of Shared Services with surrounding municipalities, the Board of Education, the County and State when possible. 5. Continue to maintain appropriate police, fire and emergency services for Little Silver residents. Figure 17. Post Office Museum Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 56 6. Continue to provide high quality civic, library, medical and other community facilities to meet the broad ranging needs of the municipality. 7. Continue to renew the Borough’s infrastructure where financially feasible. 8. Improve the availability of information about the services and facilities that are available to the Borough residents. 9. Investigate the opportunity to expand public transportation services within the Borough and throughout the region. Little Silver’s Community Facilities An inventory of Little Silver’s community facilities include: Municipal Building The Little Silver Municipal Building is located at 480 Prospect Avenue. Schools The Little Silver Borough Public School District is invested in continued excellence by inspiring critical thinking, fostering intellectual curiosity, and promoting acceptance of individuals, allowing children to achieve their full potential as responsible, contributing citizens of an ever- changing global community. The Little Silver School District is a Pre-K-8 district. Point Road Elementary School The Point Road Elementary School serves the academic needs of approximately 475 students in pre-school through fourth grade. Point Road School provides an environment that will encourage students to become lifelong participants in the acquisition of knowledge. Point Road School is characterized by high standards, high expectations and a nurturing environment. Markham Place School Markham Place School students in fifth through eighth grade are challenged by the curriculum offered. Markham Place aims to build a responsive community, while holding high academic standards in a caring atmosphere. Through the efforts of the staff, and with the support of the Little Silver community, students are provided with a solid educational foundation, which prepares them for future experiences. Teachers work closely with their students, monitoring growth and providing guidance and support in a warm, nurturing environment. Expectations for student achievement are high, and every effort is made to help our students find success both as learners and good citizens. Through the inclusion of service learning and character education, students are exposed to various responsibilities of citizenship and are taught the continued need for cooperation as a life skill. Red Bank Regional Little Silver residents attend Red Bank Regional High School for grades nine through twelve. The mission of RBR is to ensure the academic success and personal growth of all students while developing a passion for learning. Red Bank Regional High School is a comprehensive secondary school that offers a wide array of academic and extra-curricular program offerings for the approximately 1,200 student body. The constituent sending districts include Little Silver, Red Bank Borough and Shrewsbury. The district also accepts students on a tuition basis who may be interested in one of three specialized academies of studies. The high school has three (3) academies Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 57 of special studies including the Academy of Visual and Performing Arts, Academy of Information Technology, and Academy of Finance. Other unique program offerings include the Pre- Engineering Program (Project Lead the Way) and a CISCO certification program. Library The Little Silver Library is located at 484 Prospect Avenue and is open Monday through Saturday and provides residents with a variety of programs and resources, as well as the resources of the Monmouth County Library system. The Library hosts a number of programs for children, tweens, and adults and allows patrons access to passes for nearby Museums. Currently, the library serves not only the community’s needs for books and materials that can be checked out but as a communications/technology center for patrons’ use. There are five computers for the public to use, and eight Chromebooks available for students to use after-school, thanks to a generous grant from the Education Foundation of Little Silver (EFLS). In addition, the library has a copy machine that can send faxes and a scanner available for patron use. Customers can access a free WiFi connection inside the library as well as outside on the WiFi patio. Patrons may choose to receive an online newsletter which is emailed to them on the first of each month, detailing upcoming library events. Police Department The mission of the Little Silver Police Department is to enhance the quality of life in the Borough of Little Silver by working cooperatively with the public and within the framework of the United States Constitution to enforce the laws, preserve the peace and provide for a safe environment and the utmost in service while respecting the rights and dignity of all persons. Fire/ First Aid Throughout the past 100 years, the members of the Little Silver Volunteer Fire Co. No. 1 have faithfully and steadfastly responded to the calls of those in need. Unselfishly rendering aid at a moments notice has been the hallmark of all firefighting units, past & present. The Little Silver Fire Company had it's beginnings steeped in this proud tradition, in which the legend of the firefighter continues. The Little Silver Fire Department is made up of volunteer firefighters, fire police, social members, and fire cadets. The Little Silver Emergency Medical Services is a 100% volunteer organization that responds to all the medical and traumatic emergencies, as well as fire department calls in the borough of Little Silver 365 days a year, 24 hours a day. LSEMS also provides a stand-by crew for community events such as football games at Red Bank Regional High School, races, graduations at local schools, and other large community events where there is potential for an injury or medical emergency. LSEMS maintains two ambulances and an Emergency Response Vehicle. They currently have about 25 active members on the roster who respond to approximately over 600 calls a year. While many communities have struggled to find volunteers for their fire and first aid squads in recent years, Little Silver is proud to maintain robust community participation in both the fire and first aid squads. Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 58 Public Works Department The Little Silver Department of Public Works is located at 22 Fairview Avenue and the recycling drop-off center is located next door. The DPW maintains 55 miles of roads, sweeps 110 streets, and is responsible for repairing potholes, maintaining street signs and approximately 400- 500 roads of catch basins and fallouts, animal removal and clean up, trimming and removal of roadway trees, and salt and snow plowing all 55 miles of roads. Additionally, the DPW maintains six (6) athletic fields and approximately 15 acres of parks property including grass cutting, mulching, fertilizer, bushes and shrubs, irrigation and garbage removal. The DPW is also responsible for the maintenance and service of approximately 120 Borough vehicles including heavy equipment, pick- up trucks, police vehicles, emergency vehicles, and law equipment. Recreation A detailed inventory of parks and open space within the Borough of Little Silver can be found in the Conservation, Recreation, and Open Space Element. Additionally, a listing of historic site within the Borough can be found in the Historic Preservation Element. The Little Silver Parks and Recreation Committee is responsible for planning, promoting, organizing and administering a recreation program within the Borough in the interest of the entire community. Recreation programs are available only to Little Silver residents. Additional information about all recreation programs can be found on the Borough’s website. Summer Recreation Program The Summer Rec Camp is a six-week, four-hour daily program for children who have completed Kindergarten and older. Counselors must have completed 9th grade. Campers engage in organized activities including crafts, sports, and fun games to interact and develop their socialization skills. Youth Rec Sports Little Silver provides a number of youth recreational sports opportunities for Borough residents, including soccer and field hockey in the fall, basketball in the winter, baseball and softball in the spring, as well as outdoor basketball, softball clinics, and tennis lessons in the summer. Volunteer Hours Children needing volunteer hours are invited to help the recreation department keep the Borough and parks clean of garbage. Art Camp The Borough holds an Art Camp for children grades K-6 in June at the Women’s Club to promote creativity and build self-esteem and socialize and problem solve in an inspiring environment. Adult Exercise Free Pilates classes are offered every Tuesday morning at the Women’s Club. Senior exercise classes are provided on Thursday mornings year-round for Borough residents at the Little Silver Women’s Club. Cardio, Core & More at home fitness classes are also available for older adults.+ Post Office The Little Silver Branch of the United States Post Office is located at 20 Church Street and open Monday- Friday from 9:00am to 4:45pm, and Saturday from 9:00am to 12 noon. Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 59 Train Station The Little Silver Train Station is located along the NJ Transit North Jersey Coast Line, terminating at New York City to the north and Bay Head to the south. Permit parking is available for Little Silver residents, as paid hourly and daily parking. Parking is enforced 24 hours a day, seven (7) days a week. Religious/Fraternal/Social Organizations Saint John’s Episcopal Church Saint John’s is an Episcopal Church located at 325 Little Silver Point Road. Worship services are held Sundays at 10am. The Church offers a variety of ministries and programs including Sunday School and Youth ministries, choir, Adult Christian Education, Alter and Flower guild, Prayer Warriors, Episcopal Church Women (ECW), Nifty Knitters Knitting Circle, and Book Club. Embury United Methodist Church Embury United Methodist Church is located at 49 Church Street. Worship services are held Sundasys at 9:30am. Embury has small group opportunities available for adults to study the Bible and share faith experiences in an intimate setting, as well as Sunday School for children. Woman’s Club of Little Silver The Woman’s Club of Little Silver was formed in 1919 by women with a common goal: to stimulate the cultural life, encourage friendship, and advance the welfare of the community. The Woman’s Club is a member of the New Jersey State Federation of Woman’s Club of GFWC (NJSFWC) Shore District and the General Federation of Women’s Clubs. Today, the Club continues to serve the community with volunteer hours, community service projects, and charitable donations. The Woman’s Clubhouse is located at 111 Church Street. Little Silver Garden Club The Little Silver Garden Club is an educational and service organization. The club meets the second Thursday of the month from October to April at the Woman’s Club Building. Monthly meetings include guest speakers on floral design, gardening, nature subjects and more. Members have donated perennials from their own gardens to design and plant a Friendship Garden in Memorial Park, and often volunteer their time to weeding, clipping and generally maintaining the garden. Members also plant flowers at the Train Station, Public Library and Borough Hall for the summer season. Little Silver Volunteer Fire Department In addition to active firefighters, the Little Silver Fire Department accepts members as social members. Social members enjoy all the benefits of active membership, without firefighter responsibilities. Social members help run the business side of the organization, including fundraising and annual events. Social members can hold any position within the company except those pertaining to firefighting. Little Silver’s many community facilities, programs, and organizations are an integral part of life in the Borough. These programs should be continued to be supported and strengthened to continue to promote the strong sense of community within and pride for the Borough. n¤ n¤ BRANCH AVE PROSPECT AVE RUMSON RD SEVEN BRIDGES RD WHITE RD LITTLE SILVER POINT RD SILVERSIDE AVE WILLOW DR BIRCH AVE KINGS RD HARDING RD QUEENS DR MARKHAM PL PAAG LN MAPLE AVE CHURCH ST MITCHELL PL LAUREL DR WOODBINE AVE JUDITH RD SALEM LN SILVERTON AVE VISTA DR WINDING WAY LOVETT AVE RIVERVIEW AVE LIPPINCOTT RD PINE DR WINDSOR DR PINCKNEY RD AMELIA CIR ESSEX DR HARRISON AVE PARKER AVE MANSON PL TABOR ST QUEENS DR S SOUTHVALE AVE FOX HILL DR ALWIN TER AYRES LN WINDING WAY S FAIRVIEW AVE EASTBORNE DR CREST DR LAURIE LN LAURELWOOD DR GRANT PL WESTWOOD RD HICKORY LN CAROLYN RD N MITCHELL PL STANDISH RD PRINCE PL OAKES RD CONOVER PL HOLLY DR RUMSON PL BROOK AVE OLD FARM LN PAAG CIR SILVERWHITE RD LISA CT EDGEWOOD AVE S SUNNYCREST DR BORDEN PL RIVERS EDGE DR SPRING ST CIRCLE LN CARLILE TER RUDDY CT Rumson Borough Shrewsbury Borough Oceanport Borough Red Bank Borough Monmouth Beach Borough Fair Haven Borough Tinton Falls Borough Long Branch Source: Esri, Maxar, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and the GIS User Community Source: Monmouth County GIS, NJGIS, and ESRI Date Saved: 6/29/2022 Community Facilities Borough of Little Silver Monmouth County, New Jersey LEON S. AVAKIAN, Inc. Consulting Engineers ± This map was developed using New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Geographic Information System digital data, but this secondary product has not been verified by NJDEP and is not state-authorized or endorsed. 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 0.125 Miles ¹º ¹º ¹º ñ Æc ! ® Ý Ý a n¤ Train Station ñ Æc ¹º ! ® Ý a Municipal Building Public Works Department Library Police Department School Post Office Church Womans Club Volunteer Fire Department Legend Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 61 CONSERVATION, RECREATION, AND OPEN SPACE ELEMENT Introduction The purpose and primary objective of the Conservation Plan is to provide for the preservation, conservation and utilization of the Borough’s remaining natural resources in accordance with the goals and objectives of this Master Plan. The Borough should implement site sensitive design standards, which would preserve the Borough’s natural resources to the greatest extent practicable. Open space areas, parks and recreational facilities are an important component in improving the quality of life for Borough residents of all ages and to preserve and conserve existing open space and natural resources. The master plan reflects the parks and open space areas which have been acquired by the Borough or dedicated to the Borough as part of cluster residential developments. The basic goal is to fulfill reasonable and affordable needs and demands for recreation and open space by present and future residents of the Borough through acquisition, development and upgrading of existing facilities within the Borough. To meet the future demands, the Borough must purchase and preserve environmentally sensitive properties as opportunities are available. The Borough should also encourage developers and private land owners to donate, deed or grant easements for future preservation, protection and management of open space and recreational area. The Park, Recreation and Open Space Element provides a basis for the Borough to understand its current recreational resources that are provided by a number of entities throughout the Borough. This Master Plan element will set forth the current and anticipated needs for facilities and programs in Little Silver Borough along with a plan to provide the necessary facilities. Goals and Objectives The basic goal of the Little Silver Borough Conservation, Recreation and Open Space Plan is to fulfill reasonable and affordable needs and demands for recreation and open space by present and future residents of the Borough through acquisition, development, and maintenance of park and recreational facilities within the Borough. The following are the goals and objectives of the Conservation, Recreation and Open Space Element: 1. Evaluate the opportunity to create stronger linkages between parks and the downtown business district. 2. Continue to protect the Borough’s natural resources. 3. Provide adequate, appropriate and well-maintained and ADA accessible parks and recreational facilities that contribute to a high quality of life for Borough residents. 4. Maintain compliance of all park and recreation sites with the guidelines and policies set forth by the U.S. Consumer Safety Products Commission and the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Each site should be audited by a Certified Safety Inspector, and a program should be established for implementing all the required corrective measures. 5. Continue to plan for realistic capital improvement programs, for each existing park and recreation site, to provide continuous annual improvement towards the completion of the Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 62 individual audits so that the recreational needs of the Borough may be satisfied for today, tomorrow and through the next decade. 6. Protect parks, open spaces and recreation areas from commercial, industrial and residential encroachment. 7. Encourage the maintenance of parks and recreational facilities that are expanded or improved over time to reflect changes in demographic trends, recreational interests or facility use patterns. 8. Ensure easy and convenient access to parks and recreational facilities. 9. Link local, County and State parkland, open space and community facilities where possible. 10. Coordinate park planning with initiatives for farmland and open space preservation and natural resources conservation. 11. Maintain an updated ROSI. 12. Continue to protect the Borough’s natural resources. 13. Educate the public to availability of private and non-public facilities. 14. Protect natural resources to the greatest extent feasible, including woodlands, surface water (i.e., Category One (C-1) streams and other water bodies), wetlands, groundwater, threatened and endangered species, and habitat areas for plants and wildlife. 15. Limit development on steep slopes and minimize the potential for soil erosion. 16. Implement policies of the Land Use Plan Element, which sets forth recommendations for future land uses and development intensities that reflect the need to protect groundwater and surface water resources. 17. Preserve open space and maintain undisturbed vegetation alongside streams; establish a publicly accessible greenway network, but limit human activity to passive recreation. 18. Encourage linkages and access across Little Silver’s open spaces. Open Space In November 2001, Little Silver passed a $0.01 per $100.00 of assessed value annual levy for open space, recreation, and farmland and historic preservation within the Borough of Little Silver. In addition to acquiring open spaces properties, founding is focused on improving the maintenance of existing parking and upgrading or developing trails to access current Borough owned greenways. In August of 2003, the Borough approved an Open Space and Recreation Plan prepared by the Environmental Commission, identifying existing and potential needs of the population as they relate to open space and recreation. Of the 1,741 acres of land in Little Silver, approximately 86 acres are dedicated to recreation and open space. Of those properties, approximately 82 acres are listed on the Borough’s Recreation and Open Space Inventory. The following properties within the Borough of Little Silver were identified in the 2020 ERI as listed on the ROSI: Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 63 Harding Park Harding Park is an area of passive open space listed on the Borough’s ROSI. It is located at Block 19.01, Lot 2. Winding Way Winding Way Conservation Area consists of Block 61, Lot 37, 7.5 acres including lagoon areas and the Town Neck Creek stream corridor. It is identified as part of a greenbelt on the Borough’s ROSI. Garden Road Garden Road Conservation Area is listed on the ROSI and consists of Block 28, Lot 3, Block 29, Lots 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 15, & 16. It includes approximately 10 acres of wooded lots and road islands. Pickney Park Pickney Park, located at Block 3, Lot 1, is listed on the Borough’s ROSI and is utilized as an area of passive open space. Sunny Crest and Lucas Tract Green Belt Sunny Crest and the Lucas Tract are conservation areas identified on the Borough’s ROSI, consisting of Block 30, Lots 45, 46, 47, 49.01, and 50, and Block 31, Lots 7, 8, 9, 11, and 12. This area is located adjacent to other greenbelt parcels and Little Silver Park. It consists of a limited access wooded area buffering Little Silver Creek. Markham Field and Lovett Park This active recreation area is listed on the ROSI, and consists of 8.4 acres located on Block 37, Lot 12 and Block 51, Lot 1.1, adjacent to Markham Place School, the Borough Library, and Borough Hall. This park includes basketball courts, tennis courts, a tot lot, and soccer and softball fields. Little Silver Park Little Silver Park consists of approximately 25 acres of wooded areas with trails and an elevated nature walk through areas of wetlands in the center of the Borough. It is listed on the Borough’s ROSI and includes Block 30, Lot 49.01, Block 51, Lot 27.3, Lot 12, and Block 54, Lot 24.11. Storck Property The Storck Property consists of approximately 15.3 acres of wooded areas with trails and an elevated nature walk through a wetland area on Block 51, Lot 28. Challenger Field Challenger Field is an active recreation area, consisting of Block 58, Lot 20.3 (on ROSI) and Block 58, Lots 2 and 20.011 (not on ROSI). Challenger Field consists of a baseball field (on ROSI) and a parking area (not on ROSI). Lippincott Block 59, Lot 8.1 is the Lippincott tract, a 5.2-acre conservation area located at the end of Silverside Avenue. Riverview Park Portions of Riverview Park are listed on the Borough’s ROSI. Riverview Park consists of Block 78, Lots 14 & 15, Block 79, Lot 11.01, Lot 80, Lot 10, and Block 83.01, Lot 1. Riverview Park consists of approximately 5 acres adjacent to Parkers Creek off the Shrewsbury River and includes tennis courts, a tot lot, a basketball court, and a boat launch. Sickles Park Sickles Park consists of 10.3 acres on Rumson Road, adjacent to the Parker House Historical Site. Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 64 It is listed on the Borough’s ROSI and contains areas for active recreation, including a tot lot, walking track, and baseball and soccer fields. Veterans Park Veterans Park is located at Block 48, Lots 22, 22.1, 22.2, and 22.3 on Prospect Avenue in the Borough of Little Silver. It is listed on the Borough’s ROSI and is utilized as passive open space. Additional open space properties within the Borough, not listed on the ROSI, include the following: • Salem Lane: Block 8, Lot 18 and Bock 10, Lot 1; Passive Open Space • Woodland Street & White Road Green Belt: Block 30, Lot 22; Passive Open Space • Carlile Terrace: Block 34, Lot 2, Passive Open Space • Little Silver Point Road Green Belt: Block 46, Lots 39.1 and 39.3, Passive Open Space Threatened and Endangered Species The NJDEP Landscape Project uses GIS, documented species location data, and land-use/ land- cover information to create maps that depict habitat for endangered, threatened, and species of special concern throughout the State of New Jesey. The Landscape Project 3.3 identifies areas within Little Silver that provide habitat for State Endangered species, State Threatened species, species of Special Concern, and species with habitat specific requirements. State Endangered species are classified as species whose prospects for survival within the State are in immediate danger due to loss or degradation of habitat, over- exploitation, predation, competition, disease, and/or environmental pollution. State Threatened species are vulnerable as a result of small population size, restricted range, narrow habitat affinities, and/or significant population decline; and may become endangered if conditions begin to or continue to deteriorate. Species of Special Concern warrant special attention because of inherent vulnerability to environmental deterioration or habitation modification that would result in the species becoming threatened if conditions surrounding the species deteriorate. Species may be classified as special concern due to rarity within New Jersey, highly specialized food and/or habitat requirements, low reproductive rate, isolated populations, or other characteristics that make them vulnerable to environmental changes. The following species have been identified in Little Silver: Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) Osprey are classified as a State Threatened species. Habitat for nesting and foraging has been identified within Little Silver. Ospreys diets consist strictly of medium sized (6- 10 inches) fish. They live near coastal rivers, marshes, bays, inlets, inland rivers, lakes, reservoirs, or other bodies of water that support adequate fish populations for their consumption. Ospreys build their nests on live or dead trees, man-made nesting platforms, the top of electric or light poles, channel markers, abandoned duck blinds, or other structures offering unobstructed views of the surrounding area and within close proximity to fishing areas. Osprey territories often contain poles, snags, or other structures near the nest on which they osprey can perch. Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 65 Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) Bald Eagles are classified as a State Endangered species. Habitat for foraging has been identified within the Borough. Bald Eagles reside in New Jersey year-round, building large stick nests close to water in trees that are taller than the surrounding forest canopy. Nests are often reused and added to over the years, becoming larger in size. Bald eagles began courtship, nest building, and laying eggs in January. Eggs incubate for about 35 days, after which chicks require close parental care. In late June or early July, at about 11-12 weeks, eaglets fledge the nest, spending approximately one month learning to fly and hunt. At the end of the summer, young eagles may leave New Jersey for warmer weather, open water, and food. Black Crowned Night Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) The Black Crowned Night Heron is classified as State Threatened species. Habitat for foraging has been identified in Little Silver. The Black Crowned Night Heron’s habit includes marshes, rivers, ponds, swamps, tidal flats, and canals. They nest in groves of trees, in thickets, or on the ground; in areas offering substantial cover, often on islands or above water. Black-crowned night- herons forage in vegetated marshes, shallow tide pools, tidal channels, mudflats, and along the edges of ponds and creeks. Common Tern (Sterna hirundo) The Common tern is classified as a species of Special Concern for breeding in the State of New Jersey. Foraging habit for the common tern can be found in Little Silver. Common terns are the most widespread and familiar North American tern. Common terns feed on small fish, crustaceans, and insects by hovering above the water and then diving up to 20 ft. down. Common terns nest in colonies on islands, barrier beaches, salt marshes, and freshwater marshes. Least Tern (Sternula antillarum) The Least Tern is classified as a State Endangered species. Habitat for foraging has been identified in the Borough. Least terns typically forage in bays, lagoons, estuaries, rivers, and lakes along the coast. The least tern is about 9 inches in length, making it the smallest of the North American terns. Least tern nesting colonies are found primarily along barrier island beaches or mainland beach strands in bare sandy areas or areas with sparse typical beach vegetation including sea rocket and American Beach grass. Least terns also nest near sand and gravel pits and sandy dredge disposal sites. Black Skimmer (Rynchops niger) The Black Skimmers is a classified as a State Endangered species. Habitat for foraging has been identified in Little Silver. Black skimmers forage in shallow-water tidal creeks, inlets, and ponds. Black skimmers nest on open sandy beaches, inlets, sand bars, offshore islands, dredge disposal islands, and wrack mats on marsh islands in back bays. Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina) The wood thrush is classified as a species of Special Concern for breeding. Breeding of this species has been sighted in Little Silver. The wood thrush is a migratory songbird about 8 inches in length. Its breeding range covers the eastern half of the United States and southeastern Canada. Breeding habitat for the wood thrush is deciduous or mixed forests where there is a dense tree canopy and a well-developed understory, especially near or within wetlands. Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 66 Stewardship of Little Silver’s Preserved and Threatened Areas It is the responsibility of every homeowner, business owner and potential developer of the Borough to ensure that the wildlife currently residing in Little Silver is provided with an environment that can sustain its existence. Every effort must be made to protect, preserve and where possible repair the integrity of stream corridors and greenways especially along the Little Silver Nature Trail and Park, and the Parker/Sickles tract. Stream corridor and greenways provide a sanctuary for wildlife species and facilitate safe passage for others from one community to another. Many wildlife species utilize several natural communities throughout the day, week, month and year. As one walks the trail along Little Silver Creek or the streamside along the Parker/Sickles tract one may observe many species of wildlife in their natural habitat, including red fox, skunk, opossum, mink, muskrat, screech owls, great horned owls, red tailed hawks, kestrel, nesting snapping turtles, great blue herons, cattle egrets, upland plover, yellowlegs, woodcock, a variety of both local and migratory songbirds and waterfowl, and several species of woodpeckers. These are extremely fragile environmental communities that are fully protected and shall remain a part of Little Silver's heritage for many years to come, allowing future generations an opportunity to experience the wonders of nature in their own backyard. Runoff of any type into these fragile environments is harmful and, in some cases, irreparable. Nitrates originating from lawn fertilizers cause the water in streambeds to become anaerobic, causing suffocating conditions for many aquatic organisms. Oil entering through street storm drains and retention basins in large parking lots or developments can poison the water. The dumping of yard waste, such as grass clippings, will also cause streambeds to become anaerobic and could introduce exotic species into the natural environment displacing the natural vegetation. To preserve Little Silver’s natural resources for the future, all residents must do their part. Little Silver has been fortunate to have had many Boy Scout projects maintaining and improving the Borough’s nature trails. Homeowners and business owners are encouraged to provide sanctuaries for wildlife within their property by allowing native vegetation to remain wherever possible, especially through the creation of buffer zones bordering wood lots or stream corridors. Property owners could consult the Environmental Commission prior to additional planting of trees and shrubs, ensuring wildlife beneficial type plantings are considered. The use of commercial tree plantings such as Norway maple should be discouraged as these are short-lived and cause the decline of native species. Nest boxes for wood ducks and bluebirds, along with other species could be built and maintained by local scout troops. Interpretative signs should be posted throughout various parcels where native vegetation and wildlife are found thus explaining to the passerby the significance of these areas. Garden clubs or concerned residents can contribute time and materials to replant native species in specified locations, enhancing the overall benefit of these areas for wildlife. Each year New Jersey loses additional precious forest lots to development. This is another step in the direction towards the extinction of native neotropical migratory bird population including warblers, thrushes, flycatchers, and tanagers. Efforts to protect these areas in Little Silver will yield dividends now and in the future. All-natural areas can be used for environmental education and passive recreational activities, including bird watching, walking, jogging, and cross-country skiing Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 67 during the winter months. All residents of Little Silver should share the vision of the future for the Borough. Forests and wetlands were not created overnight; they have been evolving as part of the Outer Coastal Plain for the past 10,000 years. Residents should do their part to ensure that they are here for the next millennium. Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 68 Storck Property Sickles Park Green Belt Sunny Crest Markham Field Lippincott Lucas Tract Garden Road Challenger Field Riverview Park Lovett Park Little Silver Park Veterans Park Pickney Park BRANCH AVE PROSPECT AVE RUMSON RD SEVEN BRIDGES RD WHITE RD LITTLE SILVER POINT RD SILVERSIDE AVE BIRCH AVE KINGS RD HARDING RD QUEENS DR MARKHAM PL PAAG LN MAPLE AVE CHURCH ST MITCHELL PL LAUREL DR WOODBINE AVE JUDITH RD SALEM LN SILVERTON AVE VISTA DR WINDING WAY LOVETT AVE RIVERVIEW AVE LIPPINCOTT RD PINE DR WINDSOR DR PINCKNEY RD AMELIA CIR ESSEX DR PARKER AVE MANSON PL TABOR ST QUEENS DR S SOUTHVALE AVE FOX HILL DR AYRES LN WINDING WAY S EASTBORNE DR CREST DR N MITCHELL PL STANDISH RD PRINCE PL OAKES RD HOLLY DR ROSSLYN CT EDGEWOOD AVE BORDEN PL SPRING ST Rumson Borough Oceanport Borough Shrewsbury Borough Red Bank Borough Monmouth Beach Borough Long Branch Fair Haven Borough Tinton Falls Borough Esri, HERE, DeLorme, MapmyIndia, © OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS user community, Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and the GIS User Community Open Space and Recreation Borough of Little Silver Monmouth County, New Jersey Source: Monmouth County GIS, NJDEP, NJGIS, USDA NRCS, and ESRI LEON S. AVAKIAN, Inc. Consulting Engineers Open Space Properties 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 0.125 Miles ± Date Saved: 6/29/2022 This map was developed using New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Geographic Information System digital data, but this secondary product has not been verified by NJDEP and is not state-authorized or endorsed. BRANCH AVE PROSPECT AVE RUMSON RD SEVEN BRIDGES RD WHITE RD LITTLE SILVER POINT RD SILVERSIDE AVE WILLOW DR BIRCH AVE KINGS RD HARDING RD QUEENS DR MARKHAM PL PAAG LN MAPLE AVE CHURCH ST MITCHELL PL LAUREL DR WOODBINE AVE JUDITH RD SALEM LN SILVERTON AVE VISTA DR WINDING WAY LOVETT AVE RIVERVIEW AVE LIPPINCOTT RD PINE DR WINDSOR DR PINCKNEY RD AMELIA CIR ESSEX DR HARRISON AVE PARKER AVE MANSON PL TABOR ST QUEENS DR S SOUTHVALE AVE FOX HILL DR ALWIN TER AYRES LN WINDING WAY S FAIRVIEW AVE EASTBORNE DR CREST DR N LOVETT AVE LAURELWOOD DR GRANT PL WESTWOOD RD HICKORY LN HASLER LN CAROLYN RD N MITCHELL PL STANDISH RD PRINCE PL OAKES RD HOLLY DR BROOK AVE OLD FARM LN LISA CT EDGEWOOD AVE BORDEN PL SPRING ST Rumson Borough Shrewsbury Borough Oceanport Borough Red Bank Borough Fair Haven Borough Monmouth Beach Borough Tinton Falls Borough Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and the GIS User Community Critical Habitat Borough of Little Silver Monmouth County, New Jersey Source: Monmouth County GIS, NJDEP, NJGIS, USDA NRCS, and ESRI LEON S. AVAKIAN, Inc. Consulting Engineers 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 0.125 Miles ± Date Saved: 6/27/2022 This map was developed using New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Geographic Information System digital data, but this secondary product has not been verified by NJDEP and is not state-authorized or endorsed. Legend Rank 1 - Habitat specific requirements Rank 2 - Special Concern Rank 3 - State Threatened Rank 4 - State Endangered Rank 5 - Federal Listed Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 71 HISTORIC PRESERVATION ELEMENT Figure 21. Parker House Homestead Introduction The special character of present day Little Silver is rooted in its heritage as a small community closely linked to the coastal waterways. Little Silver is believed to have been seasonally inhabited by Native Americans prior to the coming of European settlers in the 1660s, but little is known of those early days. Its recorded history begins in the early 19th Century when the Borough was part of the extensive Shrewsbury Township. The Borough recognizes the importance of historical structures as a unique asset to the community and encourages preservation, restoration and appropriate use of structures. The Borough has received funding for historical renovations of the train station location on Branch Avenue, and state funding to restore the Parke Homestead located on Rumson Road adjacent to Sickles Park. Historic sites (a term that is used interchangeably with the term “landmarks”) are defined in the Municipal Land Use Law (MLUL) as “any real property, manmade structure, natural object or configuration or any portion or group of the foregoing of historical, archaeological, cultural, scenic or architecturally significance.” Historic districts can be created to include “surrounding properties significantly affecting or affected by the quality and character of the historic site or sites.” The Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 72 MLUL responds to a generally held belief that those sections of a municipality that still bear the visual imprint of the past should be preserved. The concept is that existing buildings in historic area should be retained, at least as to their exteriors, and that new buildings in such areas should be on the same scale and should have facades compatible with the older buildings. The designation “historic” is not entirely accurate since that term generally refers to important associations with events, personalities or developments of the past. Historic Preservation as it is used in the MLUL has been described as an aspect of aesthetics in zoning. According to the MLUL, inclusion of an historic preservation plan element in a municipality’s Master Plan is optional. However, its inclusion in the plan is a prerequisite for designation and regulation of historic sites or districts in the zoning ordinance. N.J.S.A. 40:55D-28 provides that a historic preservation plan element of a Master Plan must include “the location and significance of historic sites and historic districts.” Such historic sites and historic districts are required to be based upon identifications in the historic preservation plan element of the Master Plan. Goals and Objectives 1. Encourage the continued acknowledgement of the importance of historic resources within the Borough, providing a link to the past and their ability to preserve appearances and enhance economic development. 2. Continue to promote aesthetically pleasing development that pays particular attention to the historical character and varied architectural tradition of the Borough. 3. To preserve and protect Little Silver Borough’s designated historic sites and structures. 4. To encourage long-term investment in the historic resources of the community. 5. To encourage residents to preserve the historic character, livability and property values of historic structures and neighborhoods by maintaining and rehabilitating historic housing, preventing the deterioration and demolition of historic structures and encouraging new construction that is compatible in scale and design to the physical character of the surrounding neighborhood. 6. To integrate historic preservation into the Borough’s planning and economic development, housing and cultural programs and cultural activities where appropriate. 7. To increase public awareness about the Borough’s history, its historical figures and its historic sites and districts. 8. To encourage the ongoing use and reuse of historic structures by private property owners, while encouraging owners to take steps to protect historical and architectural attributes of those structures. 9. Seek to ensure compatibility between new development and nearby historic sites and districts, in terms of both use and appearance. 10. Take advantage of funding, information and other resources available through County, State, and federal agencies, as well as private-sector entities and non-profit organizations that may help identify and protect historic resources. 11. Encourage the community and property owners’ participation in seeking historic designation through the Borough where appropriate. Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 73 History of Little Silver Prior to European settlement, the area including Little Silver was inhabited by the Navesink, a sub- tribe of the Lenni Lenape. The Monmouth Patent was issued in 1665 by the British Governor of New York, Richard Nicolls, opening up the Monmouth County area to European settlement. A group of settlers from Gravesend, Long Island were promised the patent if they were able to extinguish the Lenape title to the area. John Slocum, a brother-in-law of the Parkers, the original settlers of Little Silver, represented the European settlers in a wrestling match on the beach in Long Branch against Vow-a-Vapon, the “strongest of the Navesink”, for title to the land. John Slocum won the wrestling match and was granted title to as much land as he could walk across in one day, from sunrise to sunset. This area became Middletown and Shrewsbury Townships. Shrewsbury Township included present day Little Silver, Red Bank, Rumson, Fair Haven, and Ocean Township. Joseph and Peter Parker settled in Little Silver in 1667, naming the area after their father’s estate in Portsmouth, Rhode Island. The area including Little Silver was known by a number of names including Parkerville, Rumson Neck, Rumson Village, Town Neck, Little Silver Point, and Scuffletown. In 1875, the New York and Long Branch Railroad Company completed construction of a railroad from Perth Amboy to Bay Head in 1875 and a name was needed for the Little Silver depot stop. In 1878 John T. Lovett circulated a petition to adopt the name of Little Silver for the depot stop, which was approved by the United States government. The station house was built in 1890 and continues to serve commuters today. The Borough of Little Silver elected to become an independent municipality on April 28, 1923 by a vote of 270 to 80. Residents of Little Silver were dissatisfied with management of the Shrewsbury Township school system and pushed to become an independent municipality. Those in favor of becoming an separate municipality argued they would be able to attract the very best talent to the new town, while those that wished to remain part of Shrewsbury argued that becoming a separate municipality would mean a heavy tax burden and losing the “rural attractiveness” of Little Silver. The Borough will celebrate its centennial in 2023. The first mayor of Little Silver was J. Elwood Harvey, serving from 1923- 1925. The Borough passed its first ordinance on June 12, 1923 to establish a Board of Health. In 1932, A full police department was established, and a building department was named to regulate construction and repairs. Municipal court was established in 1948. Historic Properties There are a number of historic structures and properties located throughout Little Silver. They include the following: Parker Homestead The Parker Homestead consists of Block 17, Lots 42 & 43 and Block 18, Lots 18 & 18.01; 10.83 acres with a historic farmhouse and barns adjacent to Sickles Park. This farm is significant as the last remaining agricultural open space in combination with the adjacent Sickles Farm in the Rumson Neck area. Significant structures on the property include the house, built in 1768, the wagon shed was built in the mid-19th century, a barn built in the late 18th to mid-19th century, and a corn crib built in the 2nd half of the 19th century. Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 74 Little Silver Train Station The Little Silver Train Station was built in 1890 and sits at southwest corner of Branch Avenue and Shrewsbury Avenue. The design of the station is attributed to Frank V. Bodine of Asbury Park, who designed several stations for the New Jersey Central Railroad, including stations at Belmar, Freehold, Westfield, and Bayonne. Figure 22. Little Silver Train Station Church St. District The Church Street Historic District is a village district located on the New Jersey Register of Historic Places. It contains approximately 30 structures, located on a triangular road plan that includes Church St., Rumson Rd., and Prospect Avenue. These roads comprise the 19th century village formerly known as Parkerville. The district contains 1 and 2 story frame residences, former commercial building, and the Embury Methodist Church and cemetery. The former post office stood opposite Embury Church and has moved to Prospect Avenue in 1973 and converted to a museum. A complete list of historic properties within the Borough can be found below: Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 75 TABLE 19: Little Silver Historic Properties Name Street Address Year Built Notes 141 Rumson Road 1848-49 Residence Edie’s Diner 164 Rumson Road First Post Office of Little Silver 189 Rumson Road 1870 Residence Parker Homestead 235 Rumson Road Late 17th Century 1-1/2 story addition 1702 Owned by Borough 300 Rumson Road c. 1840 Residence – once served as a fresh air camp for NYC children September Farm Harding & Hasler 1851 Residence – formerly on Rumson Road 55 Mitchell 1803 Residence – originally faced Rumson Road Curtis House 112 Church Street c. 1820 Residence Joseph King Farmhouse 94 Church Street c. 1770 Residence J. Hyer House 91 Church Street 1841 Residence Embury United Methodist Church 49 Church Street 1868 50 Church Street Residence – Former Methodist Parsonage J. Morrow House 44 Church Street 80 Church Street c. 1870 Residence Woolley House 118 Church Street T.J. McMahon’s 31 Church Street c. 1840’s – 1850’s Former Howland/ Holin House 25 Church Street c. 1789 Residence – original parsonage of Embury Methodist Church 19 Church Street Former S. Morrow and Elias J. Black House 635 Prospect Avenue c. 1812 Forrmer Champlain Lippincott Residence – Features Windmill House in backyard James Ayres House 586 Prospect Avenue T. Adams House 463 Prospect Avenue T. Rodgers House 459 Prospect Avenue E. Thomas House 453 Prospect Avenue E. Stratton House 447 Prospect Avenue 384 Prospect Avenue 1850 Residence built by Charles Hobrough – L.S. Carriage Maker D.B. Byram House Prospect & Harding Aves. 1702 Little Silver Train Station Branch Avenue 1890 423 Branch Avenue Residence- turreted house has fieldstone basement foundation Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 76 Henry White House 411 Branch Avenue John Lake House 319 Branch Avenue c. 1850 Thomas Lake House 313 Branch Avenue John Worthly House 304 Branch Avenue Bill Bennett House 301 Branch Avenue (Bennett’s Lane) 1836 Borden Family Residence 15 Woodbine Avenue (formerly faced Branch Ave) Pre-1800 217 Branch Avenue 1830 Residence Timothy White House 322 White Road Louis White House 209 White Road c. 1814 Former Lippincott Farm 79 Markham Place c. 1775 28 Markham Place 1853 Victorian Architecture House built by members of the White Family 29 Markham Place Residence 57 Willow Drive Pre- 1851 Residence built by Alfred Lippincott 56 Willow Drive 1840 Former Letson Family property 26 Willow Drive Former Shampanore Homestead Seven Bridges Rd (10 Holly Drive) c. 1870 “Woodley on the Shrewsbury” used as Nursing Home & Hospital, 1922- 27 John King House Seven Bridges Rd (Kings Road) 1814 Hartshorne House 80 Oakes Rd 1929 325 Silverside Avenue Pre- 1800 Once Parker Estate purchased by Garret Schneck Conver and used as canteen in WWI Bowne House/ Oswald House 215 Silverside Avenue Pre- 1800 104 Silverside Avenue 1862 Built as a bridale home for Tabor Parker & Amanda Lippincott (Southern colonial Greek Revivial Style Architecture) 107 Oceanport Avenue Pre- 1860 Residence of WT Parker, federal style 101 Oceanport Avenue Pre- 1860 Residence – former barn and carriage house of WT Parker Estate John Borden, Jr. Homestead 36 Borden Place 1822 E. Wilson House 76 Borden Place Captain Will Mulliner House 3 Little Silver Point Rd. Abbott Worthley Farmstead 80 Little Silver Point Rd. 1850 George Lippincott House 174 Little Silver Point Rd. 1845 Hyde Parker Plantation 216 Little Silver Point Rd. 1802 St. Johns Episcopal Church 325 Little Silver Point Rd. c. 1876- 1878 Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 77 409 Little Silver Point Rd. 1850 Residence 490 Little Silver Point Rd. Residence Richard Bates House 524 Little Silver Point Rd. 525 Little Silver Point Rd. Residence Samuel Morris Borden House 550 Little Silver Point Rd. Pontin House 675 Little Silver Point Rd. 39 Borden Place c. 1910- 1922 Residence – housed John Thompson Lovett’s Monmouth Publishing Co. Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 78 BRANCH AVE PROSPECT AVE RUMSON RD SEVEN BRIDGES RD WHITE RD LITTLE SILVER POINT RD SILVERSIDE AVE WILLOW DR BIRCH AVE KINGS RD HARDING RD QUEENS DR MARKHAM PL PAAG LN MAPLE AVE CHURCH ST MITCHELL PL LAUREL DR WOODBINE AVE JUDITH RD SALEM LN SILVERTON AVE VISTA DR WINDING WAY LOVETT AVE RIVERVIEW AVE LIPPINCOTT RD PINE DR WINDSOR DR PINCKNEY RD AMELIA CIR ESSEX DR HARRISON AVE PARKER AVE MANSON PL TABOR ST QUEENS DR S SOUTHVALE AVE FOX HILL DR ALWIN TER AYRES LN WINDING WAY S FAIRVIEW AVE EASTBORNE DR CREST DR N LOVETT AVE LAURELWOOD DR GRANT PL WESTWOOD RD HICKORY LN HASLER LN CAROLYN RD N MITCHELL PL STANDISH RD PRINCE PL OAKES RD HOLLY DR BROOK AVE OLD FARM LN LISA CT EDGEWOOD AVE BORDEN PL SPRING ST Rumson Borough Shrewsbury Borough Oceanport Borough Red Bank Borough Fair Haven Borough Monmouth Beach Borough Tinton Falls Borough Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and the GIS User Community Historic Features Borough of Little Silver Monmouth County, New Jersey Source: Monmouth County GIS, NJDEP, NJGIS, USDA NRCS, and ESRI LEON S. AVAKIAN, Inc. Consulting Engineers 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 0.125 Miles ± Date Saved: 6/30/2022 This map was developed using New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Geographic Information System digital data, but this secondary product has not been verified by NJDEP and is not state-authorized or endorsed. Legend Historic Property kj Historic Feature Borough of Little Silver 2022 Master Plan 80 RECYCLING PLAN ELEMENT In accordance with the State's mandatory Service Separation and Recycling Act of 1987, Little Silver coordinates its recycling through the Public Works Department. The purpose of the Act is to "promote the maximum practicable recovery and recycling of recyclable materials from municipal solid waste through the use of planning practices designed to incorporate the State Recycling Plan goals and to complement municipal recycling programs. The Borough’s Recycling Program was formally adopted by ordinance in 1987. The program is operated according to ordinance in regard to how material is collected, collection schedules and sorting. Enforcement is done through the Police Department and the Public Works Department. A Master Plan may include a recycling plan element which incorporates the State Recycling Plan goals, including provisions for the collection, disposition, and recycling of recyclable materials designated in the municipal recycling ordinance. Recycling Goals and Objectives 1. Continue to encourage recycling within the Borough in accordance with all local, County and State regulations. 2. Promote recycling to reduce the solid waste stream and increase the reuse of natural resources. 3. Provide a high-quality recycling program that fulfills State recycling requirements and benefits the residents of Little Silver Borough. 4. Encourage the reduction in the amount of solid waste that Little Silver sends to landfills, to the greatest extent practicable, while at the same time furthering the goal of maximizing the amount of recycled materials collected from residential and non-residential properties. 5. Encourage existing commercial and industrial uses to recycle and support the development of “green” industries that incorporate recycling into the production process. 6. Continue to increase recycling awareness through community outreach. Recommendations 1. The 2002 Master Plan recommended that the Borough study and promote the concept of regionalization or sharing services with neighboring boroughs as a means of providing a more efficient and effective level of municipal services. This recommendation continues to remain valid. 2. The 2002 Master Plan recommended that alternate recycling methods and programs be encouraged to reduce the volume and the cost of the Borough's solid waste management service. This recommendation continues to remain valid.
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