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2023 Water Quality Report

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This is the Annual Drinking Water Quality Report for Newtown Village and Aqua New Jersey – Hamilton System, presenting water quality information for the year 2023 with results primarily from 2022. The report details detected contaminants, potential sources of contamination, and provides information on lead in drinking water, including steps to reduce exposure. Aqua New Jersey – Hamilton System exceeded the Recommended Upper Limit (RUL) for Sodium, which is a Secondary Contaminant and also had a violation concerning Lead & Copper Rule for not submitting results to the NJDEP on time.

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--- Document: 2023 Water Quality Report Document ---
Annual Drinking Water Quality Report 
Newtown Village 
For the Year 2023, Results from the Year 2022 
We are pleased to present to you this year's Annual Drinking Water Quality Report. This report is designed to inform you about the quality water and services 
we deliver to you every day. Our constant goal is to provide you with a safe and dependable supply of drinking water. This report shows our water quality and 
what it means. 
 
If you are a landlord, you must distribute this Drinking Water Quality Report to every tenant as soon as practicable, but no later than three business 
days after receipt. Delivery must be done by hand, mail, or email, and by posting the information in a prominent location at the entrance of each 
rental premises, pursuant to section #3 of NJ P.L. 2021, c.82 (C.58:12A-12.4 et seq.). 
 
Some people may be more vulnerable to contaminants in drinking water than the general population. Immuno-compromised persons such as persons 
with cancer undergoing chemotherapy, persons who have undergone organ transplants, people with HIV/AIDS or other immune system disorders, 
some elderly, and infants can be particularly at risk from infections. These people should seek advice about drinking water from their health care 
providers. EPA/CDC guidelines on appropriate means to lessen the risk of infection by Cryptosporidium and other microbiological contaminants are 
available from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline (800-426-4791).  
 
Newtown Village and Aqua New Jersey – Hamilton System routinely monitors for over 80 contaminants in your drinking water according to Federal and 
State laws. The tables list only detected contaminants and shows the results of our monitoring from January 1st to December 31st, 2022.  The state allows us to 
monitor for some contaminants less than once per year because the concentrations of these contaminants do not change frequently.  Some of our data, though 
representative, are more than one year old. 
   
Newtown Village Test Results 
PWS ID# NJ1112001 
Contaminant: 
 
Viola-
tion? 
 
 
Level  
Detected 
 
Units of 
Measure-
ment 
 
MC 
LG 
 
MCL 
 
Likely Source 
 
Inorganic Contaminants: 
 
Copper 
Test results Yr. 2022 
Result at 90th Percentile 
 
N 
 
0.16 
No samples exceeded the action level 
 
ppm 
 
1.3 
AL= 1.3 
 
Corrosion of household plumbing 
systems; erosion of natural deposits 
 
Lead 
Test results Yr. 2022 
Result at 90th Percentile 
 
N 
 
ND 
No samples exceeded the action level 
 
ppb 
 
0 
 
AL=15 
 
Corrosion of household plumbing 
systems, erosion of natural deposits 
 
Disinfection Byproducts: 
 
 TTHM 
 Total Trihalomethanes 
 Test results Yr. 2022 
 
N 
 
7 
 
ppb 
N/A 
 
80 
 
By-product of drinking water 
disinfection 
  
 HAA5                       
 Haloacetic Acids 
 Test results Yr. 2022 
 
N 
 
2 
 
ppb 
N/A 
 
60 
 
By-product of drinking water 
disinfection 
Regulated Disinfectants 
 
         Level Detected 
 
MRDL 
 
MRDLG 
Chlorine 
Test results Yr. 2022 
Range = 0.3 – 0.8 ppm 
Average = 0.6 ppm 
4.0 ppm 
4.0 ppm 
 
 
Chlorine: Water additive used to control microbes. 
 
 
 
Our water source:  Water for the Aqua New Jersey – Hamilton System comes from 5 groundwater wells located in the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy Aquifer 
System.  The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) has completed and issued the Source Water Assessment Report and Summary for 
this drinking water system, which is included or available at https://www.nj.gov/dep/watersupply/swap/index.html or by contacting NJDEP’s Bureau of Safe 
Drinking Water at (609) 292-5550.   
 
Potential sources of contamination:  The sources of drinking water (both tap water and bottled water) include rivers, lakes, streams, ponds reservoirs, springs, 
and wells.  As water travels over the surface of the land or through the ground, it dissolves naturally occurring minerals and, in some cases, radioactive material, 
and can pick up substances resulting from the presence of animals or from human activity.   
Contaminants that may be present in source water include: 
 
• 
Microbial contaminants, such as viruses and bacteria, which may come from sewage treatment plants, septic systems, agricultural livestock 
operations, and wildlife. 
• 
Inorganic contaminants, such as salts and metals, which can be naturally occurring or result from urban storm water runoff, industrial or 
domestic wastewater discharges, oil and gas projection, mining, or farming. 
• 
Pesticides and herbicides, which may come from a variety of sources such as agriculture, urban storm water runoff, and residential uses. 
• 
Organic chemical contaminants, including synthetic and volatile organic chemicals, which are byproducts of industrial processes and 
petroleum production, and can, also come from gas stations, urban storm water runoff, and septic systems. 
• 
Radioactive Contaminants, which can be naturally occurring or be the result of oil and gas production and mining activities. 
 
In order to ensure that tap water is safe to drink, EPA prescribes regulations which limit the amount of certain contaminants in water provided by public water 
systems.  Food and Drug Administration regulations establish limits for contaminants in bottled water, which must provide the same protection for public health. 
 
Drinking water, including bottled water, may reasonably be expected to contain at least small amounts of some contaminants.  The presence of contaminants 


does not necessarily indicate that the water poses a health risk. More information about contaminants and potential health effects can be obtained by calling the 
Environmental Protection Agency's Safe Drinking Water Hotline at 1-800-426-4791. 
 
Definitions: In the “Tables of Detections” you may find some terms and abbreviations you might not be familiar with. To help you better understand these 
terms we've provided the following definitions: 
Non-Detects (ND) - laboratory analysis indicates that the constituent is not present. 
Parts per million (ppm) or Milligrams per liter (mg/l) - one part per million corresponds to one minute in two years or a single penny in $10,000. 
Parts per billion (ppb) or Micrograms per liter - one part per billion corresponds to one minute in 2,000 years, or a single penny in $10,000,000. 
Parts per trillion (ppt) or nanogram per liter - one part per trillion corresponds to one minute in 20,000 years, or a single penny in $100,000,000.  
Picocuries per liter (pCi/L) - picocuries per liter is a measure of the radioactivity in water. 
Action Level - the concentration of a contaminant, which, if exceeded, triggers treatment or other requirements, which a water system must follow. 
Maximum Contaminant Level - The "Maximum Allowed" (MCL) is the highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in drinking water.  MCLs are set as close 
to the MCLGs as feasible using the best available treatment technology. 
Maximum Contaminant Level Goal -The "Goal"(MCLG) is the level of a contaminant in drinking water below which there is no known or expected risk to 
health.  MCLGs allow for a margin of safety. 
Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level (MRDL): The highest level of a disinfectant allowed in drinking water.  There is convincing evidence that addition of 
a disinfectant is necessary for control of microbial contaminants. 
Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level Goal (MRDLG): The level of a drinking water disinfectant, below which there is no known or expected risk to health.  
MRDLGs do not reflect the benefits of the use of disinfectants to control microbial contamination. 
Secondary Contaminant- Substances that do not have an impact on health. Secondary Contaminants affect aesthetic qualities such as odor, taste or 
appearance.  Secondary standards are recommendations, not mandates.  
Recommended Upper Limit (RUL) – Recommended maximum concentration of secondary contaminants.  These reflect aesthetic qualities such as odor, taste 
or appearance.  RULs are recommendations, not mandates. 
  
Aqua New Jersey – Hamilton System 
Test Results 
PWS ID #NJ1103001 
Contaminant: 
 
Viola-
tion? 
 
 
Level  
Detected 
 
Units of 
Measure-
ment 
 
MC 
LG 
 
MCL 
 
Likely Source 
 
Inorganic Contaminants: 
 
Barium 
Test results Yr. 2021 
 
 
N 
 
Range = 0.05 – 0.13 
Highest detect = 0.13 
 
ppm 
 
2 
 
2 
 
Discharge of drilling wastes; 
discharge from metal refineries; 
erosion of natural deposits 
 
Fluoride 
Test results Yr. 2021 
 
N 
 
Range = 0.39 
Highest detect = 0.39 
 
ppm 
 
4 
 
4 
 
Erosion of natural deposits; water 
additive which promotes strong 
teeth; discharge from fertilizer and 
aluminum factories 
 
Nitrate (as Nitrogen) 
Test results Yr. 2022 
 
N 
Range = ND – 5 
Highest detect = 5 
 
ppm 
 
10 
 
10 
 
Runoff from fertilizer use; leaching 
from septic tanks, sewage; erosion 
of natural deposits 
 
 
 
Radioactive Contaminants: 
 
Gross Alpha 
Test results Yr. 2022 
 
N 
 
Range = ND – 13.6 
Highest detect = 13.6 
Highest average =5.8 
 
pCi/l 
 
0 
 
15 
 
Erosion of natural deposits 
 
Combined Radium 
Radium-228 & 226 
Test results Yr. 2022 
 
N 
 
Range = Nd – 4.8 
Highest detect = 4.8 
Highest average = 2.0 
 
pCi/l 
 
0 
         5 
Erosion of natural deposits 
 
PFAS Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: 
PFOA 
Perfluorooctane Acid 
 Test results Yr. 2022 
N 
 
Range = 4.2 – 10. 
Highest detect = 10 
Highest average = 9.1 
 
ppt 
 
N/A 
 
14 
Discharge from industrial, 
chemical, and manufacturing 
factories, release of aqueous film 
forming foam. 
 
PFOS 
Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid 
  Test results Yr. 2022 
 
N 
 
Range = ND – 14 
Highest detect = 14 
Highest Average = 10.2 
 
ppt 
 
N/A 
 
13 
Discharge from industrial, 
chemical, and manufacturing 
factories, release of aqueous film 
forming foam. 
 
 
Secondary Contaminant 
 
Level Detected 
 
Units of Measurement 
 
RUL 
Sodium 
Test results Yr. 2022 
Range = 63 - 74 
 
            ppm 
  
50 
 
Aqua New Jersey – Hamilton System exceeded the Recommended Upper Limit (RUL) for Sodium, which is a Secondary Contaminant.  Secondary 
contaminants are substances that do not have an impact on health.  Secondary contaminants affect aesthetic qualities such as odor, taste or 
appearance.  Secondary standards are recommendations, not mandates.  For healthy individuals, the sodium intake from water is not important, 
because a much greater of sodium takes place from salt in the diet.  However, sodium levels above the Recommended Upper Limit (RUL) may be of 
concern to individuals on a sodium restricted diet. 
 


Waivers: The Safe Drinking Water Act regulations allow monitoring waivers to reduce or eliminate the monitoring requirements for asbestos, volatile organic 
chemicals and synthetic organic chemicals.  Aqua New Jersey – Hamilton System received monitoring waivers for synthetic organic chemicals and asbestos. 
 
For additional information:  If you have any questions about this report or concerning your drinking water, please contact our Daniel J. Rafferty, 
Community Development Coordinator, Zoning Officer – Township of Robbinsville at 609-259-3600 x1147. 
 
Sources of Lead in Drinking Water 
Newtown Village and Aqua New Jersey – Hamilton System is responsible for providing high quality drinking water but cannot control the variety of materials 
used in plumbing components.  Although most lead exposure occurs from inhaling dust or from contaminated soil, or when children eat paint chips, the U.S. 
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) estimates that 10 to 20 percent of human exposure to lead may come from lead in drinking water. Infants who 
consume mostly mixed formula can receive 40 percent to 60 percent of their exposure to lead from drinking water. Lead is rarely found in the source of your 
drinking water but enters tap water through corrosion, or wearing away, of materials containing lead in the water distribution system and household plumbing 
materials. These materials include lead-based solder used to join copper pipes, brass, and chrome-brass faucets, and in some cases, service lines made of or 
lined with lead.  New brass faucets, fittings, and valves, including those advertised as “lead-free”, may still contain a small percentage of lead, and contribute 
lead to drinking water. The law currently allows end-use brass fixtures, such as faucets, with up to 0.25 percent lead to be labeled as “lead free”. However, 
prior to January 4, 2014, “lead free” allowed up to 8 percent lead content of the wetted surfaces of plumbing products including those labeled National 
Sanitation Foundation (NSF) certified. Visit the NSF website at www.nsf.org to learn more about lead-containing plumbing fixtures. Consumers should be 
aware of this when choosing fixtures and take appropriate precautions. When water stands in lead service lines, lead pipes, or plumbing systems containing 
lead for several hours or more, the lead may dissolve into your drinking water. This means the first water drawn from the tap in the morning, or later in the 
afternoon if the water has not been used all day, can contain fairly high levels of lead. 
 
Steps You Can Take to Reduce Exposure to Lead in Drinking Water 
For a full list of steps visit: https://www.state.nj.us/dep/watersupply/dwc-lead-consumer.html 
Run the cold water to flush out lead.  Let the water run from the tap before using it for drinking or cooking any time the water in the faucet has gone 
unused for more than six hours. The longer the water resides in plumbing the more lead it may contain. Flushing the tap means running the cold-water 
faucet. Let the water run from the cold-water tap based on the length of the lead service line and the plumbing configuration in your home. In other 
words, the larger the home or building and the greater the distance to the water main (in the street), the more water it will take to flush properly. 
Although toilet flushing or showering flushes water through a portion of the plumbing system, you still need to flush the water in each faucet before 
using it for drinking or cooking. Flushing tap water is a simple and inexpensive measure you can take to protect your health. It usually uses less than 
one gallon of water.  
Use cold, flushed water for cooking and preparing baby formula. Because lead from lead-containing plumbing materials and pipes can dissolve 
into hot water more easily than cold water, never drink, cook, or prepare beverages including baby formula using hot water from the tap. If you have 
not had your water sampled or if you know, it is recommended that bottled or filtered water be used for drinking and preparing baby formula. If you 
need hot water, draw water from the cold tap and then heat it. 
Do not boil water to remove lead. Boiling water will not reduce lead; however, it is still safe to wash dishes and do laundry. Lead will not soak into 
dishware or most clothes. 
Use alternative sources or treatment of water. You may want to consider purchasing bottled water or a water filter. Read the package to be sure the 
filter is approved to reduce lead or contact NSF International at 800-NSF-8010 or www.nsf.org for information on performance standards for water 
filters. 
Determine if you have interior lead plumbing or solder. If your home/building was constructed prior to 1987, it is important to determine if interior 
lead solder or lead pipes are present. You can check yourself, hire a licensed plumber, or check with your landlord. 
Replace plumbing fixtures and service lines containing lead. Replace brass faucets, fittings, and valves that do not meet the current definition of 
“lead free” from 2014 (as explained above). Visit the NSF website at www.nsf.org to learn more about lead-containing plumbing fixtures.  
Remove and clean aerators/screens on plumbing fixtures. Over time, particles and sediment can collect in the aerator screen. Regularly remove 
and clean aerators screens located at the tip of faucets and remove any particles. 
Test your water for lead.  Please call 609-259-3600 x1147 to find out how to get your water tested for lead. Testing is essential because you cannot 
see, taste, or smell lead in drinking water.  
Get your child tested. Contact your local health department or healthcare provider to find out how you can get your child tested for lead if you are 
concerned about lead exposure.  New Jersey law requires that children be tested for lead in their blood at both 1 and 2 years of age and before they are 
6 years old if they have never been tested before or if they have been exposed to a known source of lead.  
Have an electrician check your wiring. If grounding wires from the electrical system are attached to your pipes, corrosion may be greater. Check 
with a licensed electrician or your local electrical code to determine if your wiring can be grounded elsewhere. DO NOT attempt to change the wiring 
yourself because improper grounding can cause electrical shock and fire hazards. 
Water softeners and reverse osmosis units will remove lead from water but can also make the water more corrosive to lead solder and plumbing by 
removing certain minerals; therefore, the installation of these treatment units at the point of entry into homes with lead plumbing should only be done 
under supervision of a qualified water treatment professional. 
 
 
Health Effects of Lead  
Lead can cause serious health problems if too much enters your body from drinking water or other sources. It can cause damage to the brain and kidneys and 
can interfere with the production of red blood cells that carry oxygen to all parts of your body. The greatest risk of lead exposure is to infants, young children, 
and pregnant women. Scientists have linked the effects of lead on the brain with lowered IQ in children. Adults with kidney problems and high blood pressure 
can be affected by low levels of lead more than healthy adults. Lead is stored in the bones, and it can be released later in life. During pregnancy, the child 
receives lead from the mother’s bones, which may affect brain development. Contact your local health department or healthcare provider to find out how you 
can get your child tested for lead if you are concerned about lead exposure. You can find out more about how to get your child tested and how to pay for it at 
https://www.state.nj.us/health/childhoodlead/testing.shtml.  
 
In July 2021, P.L.2021, Ch.183 (Law) was enacted, requiring all community water systems to replace lead service lines in their service area within 10 
years. Under the law, Newtown Village is required to notify its residents if they are served by a lead service line*. Our service line inventory is available 
upon request. 
What are PFOA and PFOS?  


Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). PFOA was used as a processing aid in 
the manufacture of fluoropolymers used in non-stick cookware and other products, as well as other commercial and industrial uses based on its resistance to 
harsh chemicals and high temperatures. PFOA has also been used in aqueous film-forming foams for firefighting and training and it is found in consumer 
products such as stain-resistant coatings for upholstery and carpets, water-resistant outdoor clothing and greaseproof food packaging. PFOS are man-made 
and used in industrial and commercial applications like metal plating and finishing as well as in various commercial products. PFOS has also been used in 
aqueous film-forming foams for firefighting and training, and it is found in consumer products such as stain-resistant coatings for upholstery and carpets, 
water-resistant outdoor clothing, and greaseproof food packaging. Major sources of PFOA & PFOS in drinking water include discharge from industrial 
facilities where it was made or used, and the release of aqueous film-forming foam. Although the use of PFOA and PFOS has decreased substantially, 
contamination is expected to continue indefinitely because these substances are extremely persistent in the environment and are soluble and mobile in water.  
 
Aqua New Jersey - Hamilton System Violation:   
2022-925: Lead & Copper Rule- All samples were collected in a timely manner, but due to an issue with the submission to the NJDEP, the NJDEP did not 
receive the results by the required due date.  Upon acknowledgement of the Notice of Non-compliance, all samples were re-uploaded to the NJDEP.  No 
further action is needed for this violation.  
Aqua New Jersey – Hamilton System Voluntary PFAS (Forever Chemicals) Entry Point Sampling from 2019 - 2022 
Name 
Chemical Name 
Range of Detections (ppt) 
PFBS 
Perfluorobutane sulfonic acid and Perfluorobutane sulfonate 
ND-3.9 
PFHxS 
Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid 
ND-15 
PFNA 
Perfluorononanoic acid 
ND-3.2 
Notes:  
For additional information, please refer to our website: AquaWater.com/pfas 
 
Sources of Supply 
Water for the Aqua New Jersey - Hamilton system, serving Newtown Village, comes from five wells in the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer. The system 
also interconnects with Trenton Water. The Consumer Confidence Report for Trenton can be found at www.trentonnj.org. 
 
 
Sources 
Pathogens 
Nutrients 
Pesticides 
Volatile Organic 
Compounds 
Inorganics 
Radionuclides 
Radon 
Disinfection 
Byproduct 
Precursors 
5 Wells 
Low to High 
High 
Low to 
Medium 
High 
High 
High 
Low to Medium  
Medium 
 
Susceptibility Ratings Aqua New Jersey - Hamilton System Sources 
The table illustrates the susceptibility ratings for the seven contaminant categories (and radon) for each source in the system.  The table provides the number of 
wells and intakes that rated high (H), medium (M), or low (L) for each contaminant category.  For susceptibility ratings of purchased water, refer to the specific 
water system’s source water assessment report. 
The seven contaminant categories are defined at the bottom of this page.  DEP considered all surface water highly susceptible to pathogens, therefore all intakes 
received a high rating for the pathogen category.  For the purpose of Source Water Assessment Program, radionuclides are more of a concern for ground water 
than surface water.  As a result, surface water intakes’ susceptibility to radionuclides was not determined and they all received a low rating. 
If a system is rated highly susceptible for a contaminant category, it does not mean a customer is or will be consuming contaminated drinking water.  
The rating reflects the potential for contamination of source water, not the existence of contamination. Public water systems are required to monitor for regulated 
contaminants and to install treatment if any contaminants are detected at frequencies and concentrations above allowable levels.  As a result of the assessments, 
DEP may customize (change existing) monitoring schedules based on the susceptibility ratings. 
 
Pathogens: Disease-causing organisms such as bacteria and viruses.  Common sources are animal and human fecal wastes. 
Nutrients: Compounds, minerals and elements that aid growth, that are both naturally occurring and man-made.  Examples include nitrogen and 
phosphorus. 
Volatile Organic Compounds: Man-made chemicals used as solvents, degreasers, and gasoline components.  Examples include benzene, methyl tertiary 
butyl ether (MTBE), and vinyl chloride. 
Pesticides: Man-made chemicals used to control pests, weeds and fungus.  Common sources include land application and manufacturing centers of 
pesticides.  Examples include herbicides such as atrazine, and insecticides such as chlordane. 
Inorganics: Mineral-based compounds that are both naturally occurring and man-made.  Examples include arsenic, asbestos, copper, lead, and nitrate. 
Radionuclides: Radioactive substances that are both naturally occurring and man-made.  Examples include radium and uranium. 
Radon: 
Colorless, 
odorless, 
cancer-causing 
gas 
that 
occurs 
naturally 
in 
the 
environment. 
 
For 
more 
information 
go 
to 
http://www.nj.gov/dep/rpp/radon/index.htm or call (800) 648-0394. 
Disinfection Byproduct Precursors: A common source is naturally occurring organic matter in surface water.  Disinfection byproducts are formed when 
the disinfectants (usually chlorine) used to kill pathogens react with dissolved organic material (for example leaves) present in surface water.